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Chemical Computing

Chemical Computing. Peter Dittrich Bio Systems Analysis Department. of Mathematics and Computer Science Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. BMBF Grant No. 0312704A. Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. Jena Centre for Bioinformatics. Jena Downtown. Here we are. CS, Jena University.

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Chemical Computing

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  1. Chemical Computing Peter Dittrich Bio Systems Analysis Department. of Mathematics and Computer Science Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena BMBFGrant No. 0312704A Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena Centre for Bioinformatics

  2. Jena Downtown ... P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  3. Here we are ... P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  4. CS, Jena University Bio Systems Analysis Group Jena Centre for Bioinformatics P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  5. Chemical Computing • Computing helps Chemistry • Chemistry helps Computing P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  6. What is Chemistry? • Deals with • Substances composed of molecules • Reactions that transform substances, such that the composition of molecules changes • Dynamics P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  7. Where does Chemical Computing Occur in Nature? P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  8. Principles of Chemical Computing • Pattern recognition • Formation of (spatial) structures • Change of conformation • Optical activity • Chemical kinetics • Energy minimization P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  9. Chemistry Helps Computing • Real chemical computing • Artificial chemical computing P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  10. Examples Where the Chemical Metaphor is Used in Computing • Real Chemical Computing(Liberman 1972, 1979), (Conrad 1972) (Seelig & Rössler 1972) and others • Enzymes • DNA/RNA-Comp • Optical • Reaction-Diffusion • Programmed Self-Assembly P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  11. Examples Where the Chemical Metaphor is Used in Computing Artificial Chemical Computing • Abstract Molecular Machine (Liang) • Rewriting systems (e.g., GAMMA, CHAM, P-Systgems, ARMS, …) • Hormone systems in distributed robot control systems (e.g. COG) • Chemical-like systems to control the behavior and emotions in artificial agents (e.g. Creatures or PSI (D. Dörner) • Control of morpho-genetic systems (control of artificial gene expression and morphogenesis) • Control of growth of artificial neural networks (e.g., Astor/Adami) • Control of amorphous computers • Communication among neurons in an ANN where neurons have spatial coordinates (e.g., neural gas by P. Husbands) P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  12. Example for Microscopic Chemical ComputingDNA Computing (Adleman) P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  13. Example for Macroscopic Chemical Computing Chemical Neuron [see Hjelmfelt, Weinberger, Ross 1991] P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  14. Example for Macroscopic Chemical Computing:Simple Hyper-cyclic Associative Memory Answer (Output) Query (Input) Hypercycle of replicating catalysts [Dittrich 1995] P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  15. Some interesting aspects …

  16. Fine Grained Parallelism Usually: • Distributed • Robust • Asynchronous • Emergent • Self-organizing → soft computing, organic computing, computational intelligence P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  17. “Invisible Networks” P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  18. “Invisible Networks” P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  19. “Invisible Networks” • A network larger than the neural network of the human brain: • M = {2, 3, …, 10E30} • A + B + X -> A + B + C with C = A/B if A mod B = 0, C = C otherwise. P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  20. Self-modification • Self-modification(s. higher-order & generative programming) • Strange loop • Dualism of • structure and function • data and program • Tape and machine P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  21. Challenges

  22. Challenges • Efficiency • Scalability • Programmability • Adaptability P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  23. The talks in the chemical computing session …

  24. Wolfgang BanzhafUniversity of NewfoundlandEvolving Artificial Chemistries by Genetic Programming P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  25. Andrew AdamatzkyUniversity of the West of EnglandProgramming Reaction- Diffusion Computers P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  26. Tetsuya AsaiGraduate School of Informaton Science and Technology, SapporoReaction Diffusion Processors P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  27. Klaus-Peter ZaunerUniversity of SouthamptonFrom Prescriptive Programming of Solid-State Devices to Orchestrated Self-Organization of Informed Matter P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  28. Winfried KurthUniversity of CottbusRelational Growth Grammars P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  29. Yann RadenacIRISA, RennesHigh-order Chemical Programming Style P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  30. Questions for discussion • How to program a chemical computer (whatever it is)? • How do chemical computing paradigms scale up? • Can the chemical metaphor lead to new computational systems with abilities superior to conventional approaches? • Or even to systems that can not be realized by conventional approaches? P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  31. Thank You P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  32. COG (MIT, Brooks) P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  33. Growing Artificial NNs [Astor/Adami] [J. S. Astor, Christophs Adami: A Developmental Model for the Evolution of Artificial Neural Networks., Artificial Life6(3), 189-218, 2000 http://norgev.alife.org/] P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  34. PSI (D. Dörner) P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

  35. PSI (D. Dörner) P. Dittrich - FSU & JCB Jena

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