1 / 35

GNH: Concept and Operationalization :

GNH: Concept and Operationalization : Presented to the Consultative workshop on Measuring Progress in Post-2015 Development Framework : Environmental Performance Indicators and Environmental Welfare Indicators 10-12 December 2013, Incheon, Republic of Korea. Outline. 1.

maitland
Download Presentation

GNH: Concept and Operationalization :

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. GNH: Concept and Operationalization: Presented to the Consultative workshop on Measuring Progress in Post-2015 Development Framework : Environmental Performance Indicators and Environmental Welfare Indicators 10-12 December 2013, Incheon, Republic of Korea

  2. Outline 1 GNH – An Introduction 2 GNH – Index/survey findings and its Application 3 GNH Policy Screening Tool – Its Application & GECDP Mainstreaming 4 Conclusion - Questions Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  3. What is Gross National Happiness (GNH)? GNH is a “development approach that seeks to achieve a harmonious balance between material well-being and the spiritual, emotional and culturalneeds of our society.” GNH is based on the belief that since happiness is the ultimate desire of every citizen, it must be the purpose of development to create the enabling conditionsfor happiness GNH based on four pillars: 1. Sustainable and Equitable Socio-Economic Development, 2.Enivronmental Conservation, 3.Preservation and Promotion of Culture and 4. Good Governance The Four Pillars are Specified by Nine Dimensions Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  4. How is GNH Operationalized? “Bhutan’s journey with GNH began more than four decades ago and more elaborate and precise metrics to measure GNH has been underway since 2008” • Gross National Happiness Commission (GNHC) created to mainstream GNH • GNH indicators and Policy Screening Tools developed • GNH Survey carried out every three years to assess our journey towards GNH Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  5. What is GNH Index? “A composite statistic to measure Bhutan’s progress in enhancing the happiness of the people based on a holistic framework made up of 9 domains and 33 indicators” The GNH Index, its domains and indicators will be used to guide Bhutan’s development : • draw attention to areas that need to be addressed, basis for resource allocation etc. • mainstream GNH into new policies & plans by screening the policies and projects using the GNH Policy and Project Screening Tools (PST) Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  6. PWB • Life satisfaction • Positive emotions • Negative emotions • Spirituality • Living Standard • Assets • Housing • Household per capita income • Health • Mental health • Self reported health status • Healthy days • Disability GNH • Eco Diversity • Ecological Issues • Responsibility towards environment • Wildlife damage (Rural) • Urbanization issues • Time Use • Work • Sleep • Comm Vitality • Donations (time & money) • Community relationship • Family • Safety • Education • Literacy • Schooling • Knowledge • Value • Culture • Speak native Language • Cultural Participation • Artistic Skills • DriglamNamzha • GG • Gov’t performance • Fundamental rights • Services • Political Participation Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  7. %People enjoying sufficiency in each indicator as per 2010 GNH Survey Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  8. Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  9. Some Key Findings (GNH 2010 Survey) • Of the nine domains, Bhutanese have the most sufficiency in health, followed by ecology, and psychological wellbeing but lacks in GG and Education • Urban areas do better in health, living standards and education, but lacks sufficiency in GG and community vitality. conversely Rural areas do better in community vitality, cultural resilience, and good governance but lacks sufficiency mainly in education and living standards • Happiness is higher among people with a primary education or above than among those with no formal education, but higher education does not affect GNH very much Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  10. Key Findings contd. • Unmarried people and young people are among the happiest • The ranking of Dzongkhags by GNH differs significantly from their ranking by income and multidimensional poverty. Zhemgang for example, do far better in GNH than in income. Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  11. GNH Index by Dzongkhag Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  12. Thresholds • Sufficiency Threshold • Shows how much is needed to enjoy sufficiency in each of the 33 indicators • Happiness Threshold • 50%, 66%, 77% • Unhappy, narrowly happy, extensively happy, and deeply happy • 41% of the population under 66% • . Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  13. Case Example – Accordingly 2010 GNH Survey Thimphu and other urban areas are behind in CV as compared to the rural areas According to 2010 GNH Survey results RURAL PLACES URBAN PLACES COMMUNITY VITALITY Policy and program response from the Government: • Establishment of recreation centers, children’s parks, Mani Dungkhors etc • Eg: centenary park at Changlimithang, Chanjiji etc Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  14. Knowledge of Tsechu and Masked Dances Possible policy and program responses by the Government: • more culture content in education • national and local holidays to promote attendance at these festivals Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  15. The GNH Policy Screening Tool Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  16. WHAT IS GNH POLICY SCREENING TOOLS? What is it? What is it not? What does it provide? The GNH policy screening tools is an application to assess/review all draft policies through a GNH Lens Specific recommendations and feedback to review the policy within nine GNH domains NOT- the determining factor for approving/endorsing a policy

  17. Linkage Between Variables and GNH Indicators • 22 variables • Equity • Economic Security • Material wellbeing • Engagement in productive activities • Decision-making opportunity • Anti Corruption • Legal Recourse • Rights • Gender • Transparency • Skills and Learning • Public Health • Water and Air Pollution • Land degradation • Bio-Diversity Health • Social support • Family Interaction • Leisure • Culture • Values • Spiritual pursuits • Stress • 9 GNH Domains • Living standard • Good Governance • Education • Health • Ecology • Community vitality • Time use and balance • Culture • Psychological wellbeing 151 variables (2010 survey)

  18. Calculation Rationale and Mitigation/Alternatives Rationale Rationale

  19. A heterogeneous group comprising of people with skills/qualifications in various areas is formed. • Effort are made to ensure NCWC,RUB, and NEC are present for all screening exercises. Rest of the group dependent on the draft policy being discussed. • Transparent: No limitations who can participate. • Try to have a minimum of 15 participants. • Representatives of the proponent sector presents the draft policy to the screening group. • Screening conducted during a joint sitting in the past, however shifted to individual screenings. • Results submitted to RED, Consolidated and Presented to the GNH Commission. Screening Process

  20. Bhutan’s Accession to WTO • Voting based on discussions among 24 GNHCS officers • Results: 19 for joining WTO – 5 against • GNH Policy Screening Tools used by the same 24 GNHCS officers • Results:19 against joining WTO – 5 for • Conclusion: Policy is Not GNH Favorable

  21. Policies screened using PPST Approved Policies NHRD Policy 2010 Tertiary Education Policy 2010 National Irrigation Policy 2011 National Health Policy 2011 National Youth Policy 2011 RNR Research Policy 2011 CSMI Policy 2012 Thromde Finance Policy 2012 Draft Policies Mineral Development Policy MSME Policy National Education Policy National OHS Policy National Population Policy FNS Policy Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB 21

  22. Policy Screening Tool:Application An Example: The Mineral Development Policy Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  23. Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  24. Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  25. Rationale and Alternatives Example:Gender • Rationales • No specific provision • Mining activities may favor men over women • Women may suffer indirectly (separation) • Alternatives/Mitigation Measure • May need specific provisions on the advancement of gender equality (preference could be given to women for specific jobs) • Promote female participation in HRD • Awareness on health and sexual issues Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  26. Rationale and Alternatives Example:Gender • Rationales • Mining will never be 100% clean • No limit on number of mines • Increased mining activities will lead to increased green-house gas emissions, use of fossil fuels, water a • Alternatives/Mitigation Measure • Strategic Assessment of the mining master plan needed • May need to zone areas for mining operations • Need to review costing methods of mineral resources Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  27. GECDP Mainstreaming Based on the Following Rationales: • Mainstreaming has to take place throughout the policy and planning process from formulation to implementation for reasons of sustainability, effectiveness, and efficiency (assuming the process itself is fairly good) • Need to take a holistic view • Need to be Proactive • Everyone is responsible • The ‘Stage or Level’ within the process determines what action should be taken and associated indicators Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  28. GECDP Mainstreaming Rationales Contd.: Based on the Following Rationales: • The actions taken are ‘interconnected’ and ‘inter-dependent’ • Individual actions may contribute towards GECDP Goals, but it would not be ‘sufficient’ Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  29. GECDP Mainstreaming Rationales Contd.: Based on the Following Rationales: • The actions taken are ‘interconnected’ and ‘inter-dependent’ • Individual actions may contribute towards GECDP Goals, but it would not be ‘sufficient’ Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  30. Programmatic approach to GECDP Mainstreaming Preparatory Phase Phase 2 • Finding the entry points and making the case • Finding champions at the institutional level – policy & planning agencies, human settlement &construction sector, Industries, finance, local government, training providers, etc. Phase 1 • Integrating GECDP into national development processes • Influencing policy processes • Planning processes (both national and LG levels) • Sensitization & building implementation capacity • Develop GECDP indicators and integrate with existing monitoring systems; • Engage in budgeting process • Capacity building strategy 30

  31. GECDP Mainstreaming Current Activities: • Creating awareness across all levels of government • Assessment of the Policy and Planning Process and Identification of windows of opportunity • Influencing Planning Guidelines and Key Result Areas to integrate GECDP and other cross cutting concerns • Identification of GECDP and Other Cross Cutting Concerns within the central sectors and local governments and recommending interventions • Comments on draft 11th FYP & Mainstreaming frameworks for Sectors & LGs) Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  32. GECDP Mainstreaming Current Activities: • Review of policies for integration of GECDP and other cross cutting concerns • Providing support and inputs into the Introduction of GECDP modules in the curriculum of tertiary institutes: RIM, CST & Sherubtse College Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

  33. 5 11 9 10 GNH Pillars National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) 15 14 12 8 1 6 3 2 4 7 National Key Result Areas Gross National Happiness Pill 1: Sustainable and equitable socio-eco. Dev. Pill. 2: Presv. and promotion of culture Pillar 3 : Conservation and Sustainable Environment Mgnt. Pillar 4: Good Governance Carbon neutral/ Green & climate resilient development Sustainable Mgt & utilization of natural resources Integrated water utilization & Mgt Imp. disaster resilience & Mgt mainstreamed Improved public service delivery, motivated public servants GPMS Democracy and Governance strengthened Gender friendly environment for Women’s participation Corruption reduced Sustained economic growth Poverty + Reduced/MDG + Achieved Food Secure & sustainable Full Employment Needs of Vulnerable Group addressed Historical, cultural property and Bhutanese identity promoted and preserved. Indigenous wisdom, arts and crafts promoted for sustainable rural livelihood 13 Health, Education Delivered by Transport,Communications,Human Settlement, Construction Tourism, Private Sector, Trade & Investment, Agriculture, Energy Culture, Governments (Central ministries/Agencies/Local Government)

  34. Does the dzongkhag include the 4 Class A Thromdes? and Thromdes /municipalities Plz. see

  35. THANK YOU For Further clarification, please visit www.grossnationalhappiness.com www.gnhc.gov.bt Gross National Happiness Commission, RGoB

More Related