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How to Identify Non-native Invasive Plants

How to Identify Non-native Invasive Plants. Cynthia Sandeno, Ecologist Monongahela National Forest. What We Will Cover Today:. Learn how to ID plants using: Growth cycles Leaf types Leaf arrangements Leaf margins Learn how to ID: Autumn-olive Japanese knotweed Japanese stiltgrass

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How to Identify Non-native Invasive Plants

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  1. How to Identify Non-native Invasive Plants Cynthia Sandeno, Ecologist Monongahela National Forest

  2. What We Will Cover Today: • Learn how to ID plants using: • Growth cycles • Leaf types • Leaf arrangements • Leaf margins • Learn how to ID: • Autumn-olive • Japanese knotweed • Japanese stiltgrass • Tree-of-heaven • Garlic mustard

  3. Growth Cycles Annual :plants that perform their entire life cycle from seed to flower to seed within one growing season. Biennial : plants which require two years to complete their life cycle. Perennial : any plant that persists for three or more growing seasons. Garlic Mustard Tree-of-heaven Japanese Stiltgrass

  4. Leaf Types Leaflet Midrib Node

  5. Leaf Arrangements

  6. Leaf Margins Entire/Smooth leaf Toothed leaf

  7. Autumn-olive Why was this invasive plant introduced into the U.S.?

  8. Autumn-olive Leaves: small and oval, dark green on the upper surface and silvery below. Small coppery dots occur on stems and leaves. Flowers: light yellow and has a very strong odor. Fruits: a lot ofred,small, and round fruits. Can reach up to 20 ft. in height!

  9. Japanese Knotweed Why was this invasive plant introduced into the U.S.?

  10. Japanese Knotweed Stems:are smooth and hollow(like bamboo). Stem is zigzagged. Leaves:pointed leaves vary from broadly oval to almost triangular, but they always have a squarish base. Flowers:sprays of small greenish-white flowers. Affects water quality and fish habitat!

  11. Japanese Stiltgrass How did this plant get into the U.S.?

  12. Japanese Stiltgrass • Leaves: pale green and lance-shaped with a distinct sliver stripe along the middle of the leaf. • Has very shallow roots. • Can grow 2-3 ft. in height.

  13. Tree-of-heaven What country is this invasive native?

  14. Tree-of-heaven Leaves: compound and each leaflet is entire except for 1-2 rounded teeth at the base. Underside of each leaflet has a round gland near the “thumb”. Flowers: small, yellow-green near tips of branches.

  15. Garlic Mustard

  16. Garlic Mustard First year plant Second year plant • Between 2 and 4 feet in height • Triangular leaves with toothed edges • Clusters of small white flowers • 4 petals in a cross shape • Rosettes consisting of 3-4 • kidney-shaped leaves • Leaves are coarsely toothed Leaves smell like garlic when crushed!

  17. Garlic Mustard-Look-alike Species Sweet white violet Garlic mustard

  18. Getting Rid of Garlic Mustard!

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