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Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory. Kinds of Knowledge. physical knowledge logico-mathematical knowledge social knowledge. Constructivism. children are active learners, not passive observers organize their knowledge into schemes schemes change through

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Cognitive Development

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  1. Cognitive Development

  2. Jean PiagetCognitive Development Theory

  3. Kinds of Knowledge • physical knowledge • logico-mathematical knowledge • social knowledge

  4. Constructivism • children are active learners, not passive observers • organize their knowledge into schemes • schemes change through • assimilation • accommodation

  5. Stages of Cognitive Development • children’s schemes change over time, • cognition develops in stages, not gradually • each stage builds on accomplishments of prior stage

  6. Sensori-motor Stage • ages birth – 2 years old • infant uses senses and motor abilities to explore • first explorations are innate reflexes • goal-directed behaviors • object permanence

  7. Preoperational Stage • ages 2-7 • child uses mental representations of objects • play moves from using real objects to more complex play • child’s thinking is perception-bound, egocentric, irreversible, centrated, intuitive, animistic

  8. Concrete operations • ages 7-11 • child uses logical operations • ability to • conserve • think flexibly • seriate • classify with more than 1 attribute and with hierarchical thinking

  9. Formal operations • ages 12 and up • child uses logical operations in a systematic fashion • can think abstractly • hypothetico-deductive thinking

  10. Contributions of Piaget's Theories to Current Practice • focus on active, hands-on learning • play is important • sensitivity to a child's current level of understanding • acceptance of individual differences

  11. Criticisms of Piaget's Ideas • research methods • underestimated the abilities of younger children • didn't adequately consider the role of culture and experience in children’s undertaking of his tasks • stage theory

  12. Lev VygotskySocio-cultural theory

  13. Importance of culture and society on a child’s learning • knowledge is socially constructed • culturally determined • Importance of interactions with more-abled members of the society • zone of proximal development • scaffolding

  14. Language is the foundation of all higher cognitive processes • private speech • inner speech • Development is continuous, not occurring in stages

  15. Contributions of Vygotsky's Theories to Current Practice • opportunities for discovery and play • opportunities for social interactions in learning • use of language to enhance conceptual development

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