Management Functions & Principles

1. Management Functions & Principles

2. Overview • Managerial Environment • Management Processes (Functions) • Managerial Roles • Universality of the Manager’s Job • Managerial Skills • AF Management Perspective • Case Study

3. Managerial Environment • Manager: individuals of an organization who direct the activities of others • Organization: systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose Characteristics

4. Managerial Environment • Management: the process of getting things done effectively & efficiently through & with other people • Effectiveness: doing the right thing; goal attainment • Efficiency: the relationship between inputs and outputs; seeks to minimize resource costs

5. Managerial Environment Efficiency vs. Effectiveness

6. Management Processes

7. Planning • Basics • Defining Goals • Establish Strategies • Develop General Plan • Resource Constraints • Answer (who, what, etc.) • Up-to-date

8. Planning • Essential Planning Activities • Understand the mission • Focus on desired result • Analyze the operating environment • Involve others in planning process • Divide the project into manageable portions • Determine key objectives • Analyze alternate courses of action • Select best course of action • Publish the plan • Modify as needed

9. Organizing 4 Steps of Organizing

10. Organizing

11. Leading • Motivating • Direct activities of others • Select most effective communication channels • Resolve conflicts

12. Controlling • Monitor performance • Compare results with standards • Apply corrective action

13. Management Processes

14. Managerial Roles • Interpersonal • Informational • Decisional

15. Universality of Manager’s Job • Level in the organization • Profit vs. not-for-profit • Size of organization • Transferability across national borders • Making decisions & dealing with change

16. Universality of Manager’s Job • Distribution of time First Level Managers: Direct the day-to-day activities of subordinates Middle Manager: Manage other managers; translate goals of top management into details lower-level managers can perform Top Manager: Establishes policies that affect all organization members Source: Adapted from T. A. Mahoney, T. H. Jerdee, and S. J. Carroll, “The Job(s) of Management.” Industrial Relations 4, no. 2 (1965), p. 103.

17. Managerial Skills • Skills • General • Conceptual: Mental ability to coordinate interest/activities • Interpersonal: understand, mentor, motivate others • Technical: Use tools, procedures, techniques • Political: build power base & est. connections • Specific (behaviors of effectiveness)

18. Managerial Skills • Skills • General • Specific (behaviors of effectiveness) • Controlling organizational environment/resources • Organizing & coordinating • Handling information • Provide growth & development • Motivate & handle conflicts • Strategic problem solving

19. AF Management Perspective • Philosophy • Management is a command responsibility • Managers must achieve greatest effect w/ available resources • Decentralized operations = optimized resources • Centralized resource control is essential • Policies

20. AF Management Perspective • Philosophy • Policies • Commanders ensure effective mgmt of human, materiel, & financial resources • Decentralized operations (central as required) • Organizations, methods, & procedures must be readily adaptable to changing conditions • Decision-making authority must be decentralized to improve productivity/job satisfaction

21. Case Study Do Organizations Need Managers, Leaders, or Both?

22. Summary • Managerial Environment • Management Processes (Functions) • Managerial Roles • Universality of the Manager’s Job • Managerial Skills • AF Management Perspective • Case Study