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The Age of Absolutism in Europe

The Age of Absolutism in Europe. 16 th -18 th centuries. What is an absolute monarch?. A king or queen with complete control of their country or empire. (Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictator .).

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The Age of Absolutism in Europe

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  1. The Age of AbsolutisminEurope 16th -18th centuries

  2. What is an absolute monarch? • A king or queen with complete control of their country or empire. • (Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictator.)

  3. How did monarchs get their power? • From God, of course! • Divine Right: Monarchs receive their power from God and are only responsible to God.

  4. How should an absolute monarch rule? • Two Englishmen had different views on the role of an absolute monarch. They were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke.

  5. Thomas Hobbes • Wrote Leviathon (1651) • Before society was organized human life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” • Social Contract is made to form a state and not destroy each other. • People in the state agree to be ruled by an absolute ruler with unlimited power • This ruler must have absolute power in order to preserve order in society. • Supported Absolute Monarchs

  6. John Locke • Wrote Two Treaties of Government (1690) • Natural Rights-rights with which you are born • Life, liberty, prosperity • Agree to form a government to protect rights • Gov. was to protect the rights of the people • People are to be reasonable toward the gov. • If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the people should OVERTHROW the gov.

  7. European Absolute Monarchs to Remember! FourEuropean Absolute Monarchs And when they reigned • Philip II of Spain: 1556-1598 • Louis XIV of France: 1642-1715 • Frederick the Great of Prussia: 1740-1786 • Peter the Great of Russia: 1689-1725

  8. Took control of Portugal and its territories in Africa, India, and the East Indies Inherited the Spanish Empire in the Americas For a time, Spain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world. Then… We they tried to invade England in 1588, they were defeated… Philip IIof Spain1556-159842 years!

  9. The Defeat of Spanish ArmadaIn 1588EnglishFire ships! • England had smaller, faster ships And the weather played a BIG part.

  10. Spain’s Golden Age • Siglo de Oro Golden Century • Brilliance of its arts and literature • Philip IIpatron of the arts • Miguel de Cervantes • Don Quixote • Europe’s first modern novel • Pokes fun at medieval tales of chivalry

  11. Became King of France at the age of ……….6! Govt. was controlled by Cardinal Richelieu & Cardinal Mazarin. Louis didn’t take control of govt. until he was 23. Louis XIV of France: 1642-1715 73 years!

  12. Wanted to be called the “Sun King” Because as the planets revolve around the sun, so should everyone and everything in France revolve around him! The “Sun King”

  13. The Palace of Versailles (head of gov.) • The Palace of Versailles • Kept nobles out of his govt., but in his sight, at the Palace! • Over 25,000 people lived there! • He is the perfect example of an ABSOLUTE MONARCH!

  14. Religion…What was it in France? • CATHOLIC • Anti-Protestant policies • Forced to convert or forced to pay

  15. Decreased imports, increased exports Built roads and canals Spent a lot of money to support his lavish lifestyle 400,000 members of the standing army Waged four wars to increase the power of France ECONOMY and WAR

  16. Spent lots of money on himself! Marked the beginning of the modern state On his deathbed, his advice to his great-grandson, the next king: Don’t be like me! Louis’s Legacy

  17. Frederick the Greatof Prussia1740- 1786 - 46 years!(Prussia is NOT Russia!)

  18. Some interesting facts about Frederick the Great • Abused by and hated his father. • Father said he was a “sissy.” • Tried to run away with a friend • Was caught. • Father furious. • Both thrown into prison. • Friend beheaded. • Frederick had to watch! • Went temporarily insane

  19. When he became emperor.. Led his troops into battle after battle! Mostly against Austria and Maria Theresa. Religious tolerance Expansion of education and culture Defended the plight of the poor Considered a strong ruler Just what his father had hoped for! Emperor Frederick the Great

  20. CzarPeter the Great His rise to power • Russia is frozen in time • Holland and Sweden are powers • 1682: The beginning of Peter’s rise to power

  21. 6 ft. 7 inches tall! Traveled to Western Europe in disguise Came back and modernized (Westernized) Russia Czar Peter the Great of Russia1689-1725 36 years!

  22. Peter Visits Western Europe • 95% of Russians were serfs • Went to Western Europe in 1697 • Visited Amsterdam = richest city in the world • 4,000 trading ships • Kept his identity a secret to learn how to build a ship

  23. The Revolt of the Palace Guards!

  24. Peter Challenges the Church and Years of Tradition

  25. Peter Goes to War against SwedenTo Get Access to the Sea

  26. Peter has his city built St. Petersburg!

  27. Peter’s Failure as a Father

  28. Peter the Great: A Summary and his Death

  29. Czar Peter the Great:Lasting Legacy

  30. Who’s your Favorite? • Which of the Absolute Monarchs did you find the most interesting and why?

  31. The Age of AbsolutisminEurope 16th -18th centuries

  32. What is an absolute monarch? • __________________________________________________________________ • Note: If it’s someone with complete control who is not a king or a queen, he/she is called a dictator

  33. Thomas Hobbes • Wrote ________________ (1651) • Before society was organized human life was, “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” • A ____________ ____________ is made to form a state so people will not destroy each other. • People in the state ___________ to be ruled by an absolute ruler with ____________ power • This ruler must have _______ _________in order to preserve ____________ in society. • _______________ Absolute Monarchs

  34. John Locke • Wrote ___________________________(1690) • _______ _____-rights with which you are born • Life, liberty, prosperity • Indvs. _______ to form a gov. to protect _____ • Gov. was to protect the ________ of the people • People are to be reasonable toward the gov. • If gov. didn’t protect people’s rights…the people should ___________________ the gov.

  35. Three European Absolute Monarchs to Remember! ……….And when they reigned • _____________________ of Spain: 1556-1598 • ____________________ of France: 1642-1715 • ____________________ of Russia: 1689-1725

  36. Took control of ____________ and its territories in Africa, India, and the East Indies Inherited the Spanish Empire in the ________ For a time, Spain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world. Then… We they tried to invade ___________ in 1588, they were defeated… Philip IIof Spain1556-1598___ years!

  37. The Defeat of ________ ArmadaIn 1588EnglishFire ships! • England had ___________, _________ ships And the __________ played a BIG part.

  38. Spain’s Golden Age • Siglo de Oro Golden Century • Brilliance of its arts and literature • Philip IIpatron of the arts • Miguel de _________________ • Don Quixote • Europe’s first modern ________ • Pokes fun at medieval tales of chivalry

  39. Became King of France at the age of ……….___! Govt. was controlled by __________ Mazarin. Louis didn’t take control of govt. until he was ___. Cute little guy, ehhh?! Louis XIV of France: 1642-1715 _____ years!

  40. Wanted to be called the “____ King” Because as the planets _________ around the sun, so should everyone and everything in France _________ around him! The “Sun King”

  41. The Palace of Versailles • The Palace of _____________ • Kept nobles out of his govt., but in his ________, at the Palace! • Over ____________ people lived there!

  42. Spent lots of money on ___________! Fought ________ wars to increase the power of France On his deathbed, his advice to his great-grandson, the next king: _____ ___ ____ _! Louis XIV’s Legacy

  43. CzarPeter the Great His rise to power • Russia is frozen in time • H___________ and S___________ are powers • 16__: The beginning of Peter’s rise to power • More Notes:

  44. 6 ft. 7 inches tall! Traveled to _________ Europe in disguise Came back and modernized or _________________ Russia Czar Peter the Great of Russia1689-1725 ____ years!

  45. Peter Visits Western Europe • _____% of Russians were s_______ • Peter went to ____________ Europe in 1697 • Visited Amsterdam = _______ city in the world • 4,000 trading ships • Kept his identity a __________ to learn how to build a ship • More Notes:

  46. The Revolt of the Palace Guards! • Notes:

  47. Peter Challenges the Church and Years of Tradition • Notes:

  48. Peter Goes to War against SwedenTo Get Access to the Sea • Did Peter Get what he wanted?___________________________

  49. Peter Builds his City • Why did Peter want a city built where it was? • At what cost was St. Petersburg built? (Don’t think money!)

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