290 likes | 416 Views
THE INANIMATE FOREST Commercial Management and Environmental Degradation of Andalusian Forests. Historical Context of Energy Supply Nadia Martínez Espinar. Introduction. Environmental degradation and social abandoning of Spanish forests.
E N D
THE INANIMATE FORESTCommercial Management and Environmental Degradation of Andalusian Forests Historical Context of Energy Supply Nadia Martínez Espinar
Introduction • Environmental degradation and social abandoning of Spanish forests. • Environmental History: main causes of these problems do not rise from the present, but from the past. • Drought, soil erosion, deforestation, fire risk, depopulation.
Research Cázulas • Hypothesis: The situation of our forests has been provoked by changes in the environment´s economic function that happened during the Nineteenth and Twentieth centuries.Hegemony of commercial interests to manage the natural resources. • Case Study: Cázulas (Granada-Spain).
Cázulas Province ofGranada Granada Capital Municipality of Otívar. Cázulas.
Content • Transition (19th-20th centuries): • Traditional Industrial management of natural resources. • Predominance traditional energy sources predominance modern energy sources. • National/International energy context (historical approach) • Connection: external influence changes in Cázulas (research proposal).
Beginning Twentieth Century Charcoal-burners, wood-cutters, firewood collection, lime-production, esparto-grass and medicinal plants collection, livestock, hunting, farm-cottages lessees… Traditional Management
Beginning Twentieth Century Charcoal-burners, wood-cutters, firewood collection, lime-production, esparto-grass and medicinal plants collection, livestock, hunters, farm-cottages lessees… Traditional Management
Beginning Twentieth Century Charcoal-burners, wood-cutters, firewood collection, lime-production, esparto-grass and medicinal plants collection, livestock, hunting, farm-cottages lessees… Traditional Management
Beginning Twentieth Century Charcoal-burners, wood-cutters, firewood collection, lime-production, esparto-grass and medicinal plants collection, livestock, hunting, farm-cottages lessees… Traditional Management Energy Supply
Direct Use of Forest Product as Energy (Davidsdottir, 2004) • Wood fuelsrenewable and climate-friendly source. • Firewood (benefits and problems). • Charcoal (benefits and problems).
Modern Management • Timber industry • Paper and Cellulose Industry. consumers of modern energy
TRANSIT FROM TRADITIONAL USE TO INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT • Reforestation: • Wood farms • Foreign and rapidly growing speciesfire-risky • Disappearance traditional uses: • Depopulation of the forest/less watchers • Less cleaning-tasks of the forest (livestock, lime-production, charcoal, firewood) • Rural communitywage-earning workersemigration
Transition Forest: source of energy and natural resources (economic complement to rural families) Forest: industries consumers of energy (wage-earning work) Inanimate Forest
USA-Energy Consumption by Source, 1635-2000(Quadrillion Btu) Source: EIA
Case Study Cazulas.Resources Management. Beginning Twentieth Century • Types of resources: • Wood exploitation • Resin exploitation • Charcoal and firewood • Livestock • Farm-cottages
Case Study Cazulas.Resources Management. The fifties. • Disappearance of the Resin exploitation (abandoned trees-”trametes”) • Timber exploitation vs. Livestock use (industrial use vs. Traditional use) The seventies. • Radical elimination of non-industrial managements • Timber+Hunting (professional)=closed forest
Connection: external pressure/changes in Cázulas (ongoing research) • External Influence • International market demand (historical evolution). • International energy supply (historical evolution). • Transition in Cázulas. • Data compilation: Cázulas archive. • Income / Expenses books, since 1890 until 1960.
Thank you for your attention