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The Roaring Twenties: Domestic affairs

Libertyville HS. The Roaring Twenties: Domestic affairs. 20s Isolationism: The US Turns Inward. Impact of WWI & the disillusionment w/ the peace Treaty of Versailles Unjust treatment of Germany War Guilt Clause Reparations Disarmament New Map of Europe League of Nations Article X

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The Roaring Twenties: Domestic affairs

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  1. Libertyville HS The Roaring Twenties:Domestic affairs

  2. 20s Isolationism: The US Turns Inward • Impact of WWI & the disillusionment w/ the peace • Treaty of Versailles • Unjust treatment of Germany • War Guilt Clause • Reparations • Disarmament • New Map of Europe • League of Nations • Article X • Enforcement? • Partisan fighting • Henry Cabot Lodge v. President Wilson

  3. 20s Isolationism: The US Turns Inward • Election of 1920 • Reaction to Wilson’s failing health, progressive reforms • Revolutions abroad, strikes and dissent at home • TR died in 1919; no obvious heir to progressive mvt • Warren Harding (GOP) – compromise candidate (“smoke filled room”) • James Cox (D) – OH gov., newspaper ed. • Harding’s “A return to normalcy” resonated w/ US Results Harding 404 ECV / 16.1 million Cox 127 ECV / 9.1 million

  4. Economic Isolation • Tariff increased over the 1920s • 1913 = 29% • 1922 = 38.5% • 1929: Smoot-Hawley = 59.1% (record high) • Effects • Int’l trade stagnated • Europeans unable to pay debts to US • US, a creditor nation, developed bad feelings towards Europe • Key component causing Great Depression A = Smoot Hawley enacted

  5. Cultural Intolerance • Isolationism compatible with intolerance • Great Migration led to… • Ghettos • Rebirth of KKK • Scopes “Monkey “ Trial • May evolution be taught in schools? • Scopes (TN teacher) defended by Clarence Darrow • Prosecuted by William J. Bryan (anti-evolution) • Verdict: guilty, fined $1 • Inherit the Wind: Hollywood version

  6. Prohibition • 1919 Volstead Act • Banned the manufacture, sale transport of 0.5% alcohol • Exception: medicinal, religious purposes • Implemented 18th Am. • “The Noble Experiment” • “Wet “= opponent • “Dry” = supporter

  7. Prohibition • Was prohibition successful? • NO!!! • Rise of organized crime • Al Capone (Chicago) • “Speakeasies” (illicit bar) • “Hooch” (illicit alcohol) • 1928 Wickersham Commission • Prohibition should be continued, despite being a failure • 1933: 21st Am. Repealed 18th Am (local option) Can morality be legislated?

  8. Restrictions on Immigration • Causes • Rejection of Europe • Domestic labor abundance • Americanization very slow • Non-payment of war debt • Legal restrictions • Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 • 1907 Gentleman’s Agreement (US, Japan) • No more Japanese immigration • No discrimination against current Japanese residents

  9. Restrictions on Immigration • Legal restrictions • 1921 Emergency Quota Act • Total of 350k immigrants • Each nation allowed 3% of the # currently in the US, as of 1910 • 1924 Immigration Act • No Asians allowed • Each nation allowed 2% of its 1890 base currently in the US • 1929 National Origins Act • Total of 150k immigrants • Each nation allowed 2% of its 1920 base currently living in the US • Impact of restrictions • Huge waiting lists • Immigration reduced to a trickle

  10. Labor Strife • 1919 – over 2000 major strikes • Reaction to restrictions of war • Example • UMW strike • Boston Police strike • “There is no right to strike against public safety by anybody, anywhere, any time!” Gov. Coolidge

  11. “Red Scare” • 1920: Pres Wilson’s AG Mitchell Palmer identified a communist threat in US • Led to “Palmer Raids”: 6000 immigrants detained, 566 deported • Five socialists expelled from NY Assembly

  12. “Red Scare” • 1921: Nicola Sacco & Bartolomeo Vanzetti case • Murder case of a payroll clerk • Liabilities (against them) • Immigrants • Anarchists • Atheists • Italian • Executed in 1927

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