TECHNOCRAFT BOOTH COMPETITON 2009

1. TECHNOCRAFT BOOTH COMPETITON 2009 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION

2. Technocraft and the Project • The theme ‘shaping your imagination’ • Our perspective • Areas of interest for the project • Defence • Home automation • Rural development • Disaster management • Security systems • Food processing • Banking • Biometric security • Energy recycling • ‘Rural development’-the need of the hour

3. Technology in Rural Development • Technology caters to a specific group. • India :‘a land of villages’. • Agricultural sector -prime driver in economy. • Necessity to increase overall efficiency of agricultural practices to improve economy. • Our project aims to innovate, improvise and revolutionize a few agricultural practices.

4. India’s Development Programs in Agriculture: • The Indian government has taken efforts for agricultural development. • It aims at achieving 4%growth in the agricultural sector. • Physical and information infrastructures are made available for the farmers. • In view of our project we are optimistic about getting funds and subsidies for our project.

5. The projects are: On the rural backdrop we shortlisted two projects: • Improvised Barracki for onion storage. • Water Irrigation System Control And Automation Using Telephone

6. 1.Improvised Barracki for onion storage. • India produces around 40 lakh metric tons of onion annually. • 2nd largest onion producer in the world. • Maharashtra State produces 25-30% onion of the total production of the country. Contributes about 80-85% in the total onion export. • So productivity wise onion -important crop.

7. Conventional Onion storage and preservation techniques: • Curing • Intended to dry off the necks. • Outermost layer falls off . • It is a prerequisite before storage. • Grading • Done according to size and if onions are decayed or injured. • Medium sized onions fetch good market price.

8. Storage: • Conventional techniques involve use of material such as bamboo, coconut tree leaves, and hay for onion storage. • Bamboo racks are made on which onion is stored. • General characteristics of good quality onion: reasonably uniform in shape, size, colour and pungency ; throughout cured and dried etc.

9. Conventional storage problems: • Onion produced in Rabi season from November to February. • To store it throughout the rainy season and even after that is the challenge. • Problems of conventional storage methods - loss in weight, sprouting and rotting of bulb. • Price fluctuates tremendously and quality deteriorates along storage period. • Our aim- to stabilize the onion storage, increase productivity and improve the net profit of farmers.

12. Ideal conditions for onion storage (Indian backdrop): • Storage should be well ventilated • Temperature range: above 25 degree Celsius • Humidity range: below 60%

13. The salient features of improved storage structure (Barracki) : • Site should be well drained . Foundation is made up of Murum and gravel layer covered by concrete mesh . • Iron mesh covered by doors for proper air circulation and protection. • Roof projected outside in the direction of rain.

14. Barracki doors kept closed during storm and rain thus making it water tight and close to ideal conditions. • Heat resistant material at the upper side of roof. • Fans for circulation when doors are closed. • Bulbs for temperature control. • Silica gel for humidity control.

18. ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION OF BARRACKI MODEL

19. Modes of operation • Normal Mode: • Temperature: greater than 25 degree Celsius. • Humidity: between 40% to 60% • Operation: • Doors open. • Bulbs off, onion not exposed to silica gel. • Electricity is saved • Silica gel remains unused • The open doors ensure maximum circulation • The onion becomes dry in this season and can survive through rainy and winter

20. B. Night mode : • Temperature: normally low • Humidity: low • Operation: • temperature is low so the doors are kept closed . • If temperature goes low(<250 ), bulbs are put on . • Fans are put on for short duration for aeration.

21. C. Rainy mode: • Temperature: low • Humidity: high • Operation: • Doors are closed, fans are kept on for short duration(6 times a day). • Barracki orientation such that rain does not enter it . • The gravel and Murum layer helps to drain water. • If humidity increase above 60% buzzer rings, and onion is exposed to silica gel. • If temperature decrease bulbs are put on.

22. From data collected from Krushi Uttpanna Committee • Rate for one quintal in July=675/- • Assuming that we can store till July by conventional methods then: • The cost for 12 ton onion=81,000/- • Using our improved Barracki we can store throughout rains • The cost for 12 ton onion=1,38,000/- • Minimum profit=57,000/- per year • Cost of 12 ton model =13,000/-

23. ADVANTAGES: • Improves the storage period of onion than that of conventional. • Energy is saved during normal mode. • High profit as onion is available for longer span of time. • The onion is prevented from rotting, sprouting and other damages. • Highly cost effective model as one time investment. • Availability of government subsidy will reduce the cost of implementation. • Easily accessible to the farmers as easy operation since there are simple modes. • Highly reliable. The Barracki ensures excellent storage conditions for onion storage throughout the storage period.

24. 2. Water Irrigation System Control And Automation Using Telephone Introduction: • Automation of the watering of crops using telephone lines. • Advantageous over other schemes to control farm appliances using a mobile phone. • This project can be implemented at rural level and should be a great success.

25. Conventional irrigation methods: • Traditional irrigation methods involves use of mechanical valves. • Highly inefficient as farmer needs to be present physically. • Water wastage as there is no control on amount of water supplied. • Water is not evenly distributed in the field.

26. Basic Principle: • DTMF decoder - the heart of the circuit • A key press on the keypad of the telephone generates a DTMF tone corresponding to the key pressed • This can be used to detect which key was pressed by the calling device thereby through proper hardware can further be used to control appliances.

27. Main Features • Local phone (i.e., home phone or office phone) can be used for normal use by using a DPDT switch. • System detects the ringing signal with the help of ring detector and automatically switches ON. • You can control devices from landline or cell phone. • Secured operation through reset-able password. • Switch on and off watering to 4 grids as per the user requirements (max. 16 grids). • Acknowledgement about the operation performed to the user. • Watering scheme as per the crop requirements. • Status of the watering process and scheme chosen. • Voice assistance throughout the operation.

28. Block Diagram and detailed description:-

30. RING DETECTOR: • Detects the ring pulses, wave shapes them and gives it to the controller. • OFF HOOK CIRCUIT: • Simulates off hook condition for the telephone. • DTMF Decoder: • Decodes the DTMF tones generated by the calling module due to a key press.

31. SPEECH CIRCUIT: • Responsible for generation of the speeches (interactive voice response). • RELAY BOARD, SWITCHING CIRCUIT AND APPLIANCES: • It is used to drive the motor and valves. • MICRO-CONTROLLER: • It is responsible for the proper operation of the entire circuit.

32. Codes for the operations: • ON/OFF and STATUS mode :- *1 • Password change mode :- *2 • Watering scheme change mode :- *3 • ON mode :- 1 • OFF mode :- 0 • STATUS mode :- 2 • Watering scheme type1 :- #1 • Watering scheme type2 :- #2 • Watering scheme type3 :- #3

33. Advantages: • Watering can be done as per the requirement . • The front panel is used as an indicator board for the farmer as to whether the watering is on or off, or which part is being watered, etc. • Flexibility in watering of crops. • Water conservation , saving of electricity. • Night watering made more easier . • Complete automation of irrigation. • Telephone wires have reached at least up to taluka level hence this project will be beneficial to majority of the farmers immediately.

34. Overview: • Both our projects aim to improve the per capita income of farmers. • Add to the comfort level of the farmers. • Provide ‘to the home’ service to the farmers. • Increase awareness amongst students regarding the field of agriculture.

35. Overall shortcomings of the project: • Lack of efficient administrative mechanisms of the government. • Limitation of resources • Initial Investment. • Public mentality. • Resistance to change.

36. Our Efforts In Research And Implementation Of The Projects: • Visit to KISAN 2009 –the largest agro exhibition in India held at Moshi, Pune. • Onion rate statistics collected from Krushi Uttpanna Bazaar Samiti, Pune. • Humidity and temperature data collection from the Indian Meteorological Department • Actual visit to traditional Barracki site at farmland.

37. Conclusion: • Onion is the only crop which shows a very sensitive price fluctuation on terms of demand and supply . Through our project we ensure maximum quality of product . • Using minimum electricity leading to high net profit of the farmer and in turn the progress of RURAL INDIA. • Proper and efficient irrigation is the need of the hour in modern agricultural practices. our project makes use of electronics and telephone lines to atomize the watering in the farms thus saving water, time and labour of the farmer.

38. Thank You!