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Chapters 15-17: Evolution- Changes in Populations

Chapters 15-17: Evolution- Changes in Populations. 1. Evolution = Change. 1. Evolution = Change. What we know: things change over time What we don’t know: How? How much? When? From what?. 2. Beginning of Life on Earth. Created by divine being (God or gods) Came from another planet

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Chapters 15-17: Evolution- Changes in Populations

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  1. Chapters 15-17: Evolution- Changes in Populations

  2. 1. Evolution = Change

  3. 1. Evolution = Change • What we know: things change over time • What we don’t know: • How? • How much? • When? • From what?

  4. 2. Beginning of Life on Earth • Created by divine being (God or gods) • Came from another planet • Biogenesis (molecules to cells to animals over millions of years)

  5. 3. History of Earth • The Fossil Record • Older things are deeper • Most fossils are actually rocks in the shape of dead organisms.

  6. What we learn from fossils • Relative age: lower layers= older • Climate • Anatomical comparisons- what they ate, how they moved, how they changed • Age by radiometric dating- chemical analysis

  7. Theory of Continental Drift • Pangaea- 245 mya • Laurasia & Gondwana- 135 mya • 7 continents- 66 mya Animation 2

  8. 4. Theories of Evolution • Epicurious (Greek, 342 BC) • St. Augustine (Algerian, 342 AD) • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (French, 1790) • Giraffes • Charles Darwin (English, 1809) • Did NOT say that monkeys evolved into humans • His theory was of common ancestors • Natural Selection- Survival of the Fittest • Only the best survive and pass on their genes • Sometimes mutations are good.

  9. 5. How Populations Change • Artificial selection- humans decide which genes are mixed and passed on • Dogs, horses, cattle, plants • Natural selection- nature decides which are the best • Adaptations: body shape, body color, speed, strength

  10. 6. Evidence for Evolution • Direct Evidence- where we have seen evolution happen • Fossils • Bacteria resistance to medicine • Insect resistance to chemicals

  11. Indirect Evidence- possible evidence, possible coincidence • Homologous structures • Similar body parts in different animals • Dolphin fin vs. human arm vs. bird wing

  12. Vestigial structures • “left over” body parts • Appendix, body hair, snake legs

  13. Similar DNA & Proteins • a. Chimps and humans have 98% the same

  14. Stone-throwing chimpanzee displays humanlike planning abilities A chimp in a Swedish zoo plans his day around the chance to throw rocks at pesky human visitors. A researcher sees 'advanced consciousness and cognition traditionally not associated with animals.' By Karen Kaplan March 14, 2009 Santino knew the humans were coming. So each morning, he trolled for stones and fashioned concrete disks to be stashed in strategic locations until it was time to hurl them at his pesky visitors.As a chimpanzee, Santino wasn't thought to be capable of anticipating events in a way that so closely resembled human behavior. But cognitive psychologist Mathias Osvath became convinced after watching the 30-year-old primate repeat his routine for a decade at a Swedish zoo, according to a report published this week in the journal Current Biology.

  15. Yes. It’s a liger.

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