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Ch 16 sectioon 3. Segregation and Discrimination. The Fight A gainst D iscrimination. No Economic Independence for Freedman 40 Acres and a mule? (Sherman’s special Field Order?) Towards the turn of the Century the failures of reconstruction became obvious
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Ch 16 sectioon 3 Segregation and Discrimination
The Fight Against Discrimination No Economic Independence for Freedman 40 Acres and a mule? (Sherman’s special Field Order?) • Towards the turn of the Century the failures of reconstruction became obvious • Voting restrictions (Literacy tests, poll taxes) • The Grandfather clause • The Supreme Court did not overturn these laws (US v. Reese 1876) • Why?
Jim Crow • Southern States passed “Jim Crow” laws to separate white and black people in both public and private spaces….Segregation • Schools, parks, hospitals, transportation etc… • Plessy V. Ferguson • Decision states that facilities were “Separate but Equal” and not in violation of 14th Amendment
Second class status • Informal etiquette as well • Sidewalks, hats, handshake • Not following these rules could lead to loss of employment, beatings or worse • Lynching (1885-1900.. 2,500 people lynched, burned or shot)
W.E.B. DuBois • Demanded full social and economic equality • “Persistent manly agitation is the way to liberty” • Booker T. Washington • Gradual approach • Emphasized economic opportunity
Discrimination in the North • In the North race riots resulting from competition with working class whites • forced to live in segregated neighborhoods • Denied membership in Unions