Latin Vocabulary 4

Latin Vocabulary 4 Roots, definitions, synonyms, antonyms, sentences, and related words

cognizance • cogn– • knowledge • cognizance – • n. conscious knowledge or awareness, especially through observation adj. cognizant adv. cognizantly n. cognition • Synonyms: advertence, advertency, awareness, attention, consciousness, heed, knowledge, mindfulness, note, notice, observance, observation • Antonyms: unfamiliarity

cognizance • In spite of the fact that she said yes to the date, Justin was cognizant of the fact that she was more interested in his roommate than she was him. • Her cognizance of numerous accidents near the school and the overgrown shrubbery in front of the stop sign kept her from being hit by the driver who raced through the intersection unaware.

cognizance Related Words: • cognition • incognito • precognition • recognizance • recognize

dormant • dorm – • sleep • dormant – • adj. in an inactive state, like hibernating n. dormancy adv. dormantly • Synonyms: asleep, dozing, napping, resting, sleeping, slumbering • Antonyms: awake, sleepless, wakeful, wide-awake

dormant • Volcanoes are often dormant, but volcanologists keep close them under observation to alert the public if they see signs of activity. • The ornate horned frog and the African bullfrog dig down into the dry soil and wait for the rains during the long dry seasons of their native regions, and their dormancy can last several months before they are revived by the spring rains.

dormant Related Words: • dorm • dormitory • dormer • dormancy • dormative

profuse • fus– • Pour • profuse – • adj. very or excessively generous; given or done freely or abundantly adv. profusely n. profusion • Synonyms: plentiful, copious, galore, gushing, lavish, riotous • Antonyms: dribbling, trickling

profuse Merriam-Webster Synonym Discussion: • Profuse, lavish, luxuriant, lush, exuberant mean giving or given out in great abundance. • Profuse implies pouring forth without restraint <profuse apologies>. • Lavish suggests an unstinted or unmeasured profusion <a lavish party>. • Luxuriant suggests a rich and splendid abundance <a luxuriant beard>. • Lush suggests rich, soft luxuriance <a lush green lawn>. • Exuberant implies marked vitality or vigor in what produces abundantly <an exuberant imagination>.

profuse • By all accounts, the azalea bush had never produced well in the landscaper’s nursery, but once it was moved to a mostly sunny location at her client’s home, it produced profuse blooms for several weeks. • Newcomers to the country are most impressed with the profusion of goods available at every supermarket and the plethora of choices we have in our shopping.

profuse Related Words: • circumfuse • confuse • defuse • diffuse • effusive • infuse • refuse • suffuse • transfuse

egregious • e- • out • egregious – • adj. extremely bad; flagrant; extraordinary or remarkable in a bad way adv. egregiously n. egregiousness • Synonyms: blatant, conspicuous, flagrant, glaring, gross, obvious, patent, pronounced, striking

egregious • The surgeon made an egregious error when he failed to count the surgical devices and left a clamp inside his patient. • As an English teacher, I have to be very careful with spelling, grammar, and punctuation because any error is seen as egregious.

egregious Related Words: • e pluribus unum • ebullient • edict • educate • egress • eject • elate • elicit • eloquence

manacle/s • manu, mani – • hand • manacle/s – • n. & v. handcuffs or shackles; to shackle v. manacles, -ed, -ing • Synonyms: band, bind, bracelet, chain, cuff(s), fetter, handcuff(s), irons, shackle, chain, enchain, enfetter, pinion • Antonyms: unbind, unfetter, unshackle

manacle/s • The prisoner spent weeks filing away at his manacles and was able to escape once he was free of the cumbersome leg shackles. • In modern prisons, prisoners are manacled to restrain them and to discourage them from attempting to escape when moving them from cell to visitation or the medical facility or when transporting them from prison to court, as well.

manacle/s Related Words: • emancipate • manage • maneuver • manicure • manifest • manipulate • manufacture • manuscript

monocle • ocul – • eye • monocle – • n. an eyeglass for use with only one eye • adj. monocle

monocle • The Monopoly man wears a monocle, a single lens used for vision in one eye. • Although I think monocles are very neat, who uses a single lens for vision?

monocle Related Words: • binocular • inoculate • intraocular • monocular • ocular • oculist • retroocular

quadruped • ped – • foot • quadruped – • n. &adj. a four-footed animal • adj. quadrupedal

quadruped • A creature does not have to be alive to be a quadruped; it merely has to have four legs. • Quadrupeds can be robotic, alien, or terrestrial as long as they have four feet.

quadruped Related Words: • biped • centipede • expedient • expedite • impede • millipede • pedal • pedestal • pedestrian • pedicure • pedigree

dispel • pel – • to drive • dispel – • v. to drive away in various directions; to cause to vanish v. dispelled, -s, -ing • Synonyms: clear out, disband, scatter, disperse, dissipate, squander • Antonyms: assemble, cluster, collect, concentrate, congregate, gather, ingather • Note: it should not have as an object a single, indivisible thing

dispel • After the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, petroleum companies utilized chemical dispersants to attempt to dispel the tar and oil. • Farmers occasionally hired children to throw rocks and startle birds in order to dispel the voracious creatures that would eat the freshly planted garden.

dispel Related Words: • compel • expel • impel • propel • repel • interpellate (This is not the same as interpolate.)

verbatim • verb – • word • verbatim – • adj. in the exact words • Synonyms: ad verbum, directly, exactly, word for word • Antonyms: inexactly

verbatim • The court reporter must take great pains to transcribe every word spoken on the record in court, and the document she creates must be verbatim. • Julee knew her lesson had worked when she overheard students discussing the concept and using the primary text verbatim to support their points.

verbatim Related Words: • adverb • proverb • proverbial • verb • verbal • verbalize • verbiage • verbose • verve

convivial • vit, viv, vivi – • life; breath, mind; soul • convivial – • adj. sociable; fond of eating, drinking, and good companionship n. conviviality adv. convivially • Synonyms: boon, companionable, extroverted (also extraverted), gregarious, outgoing, sociable, social • Antonyms: antisocial, introverted, nongregarious, reclusive, unsociable, unsocial

convivial • I wasn’t expecting the convivial atmosphere at the fundraiser since it was being held in the library on campus, but everyone was lively and having a good time. • I love to make friends who are convivial and outgoing, enjoying good food, socializing, and meeting people.

convivial Related Words: • aqua vitae • curriculum vitae (CV) • devitalize • joie de vivre • revitalize • revive • survive • viable • vitality • vitamins • vivacious • vivid

Root Review • vit, viv, vivi – • life; breath, mind; soul • manu, mani – • hand • cogn– • knowledge • verb – • word • fus– • pour • ped – • foot • dorm – • sleep • pel – • to drive • e- • out • ocul – • eye

Root Review • du, duo – • two; second • medi – • middle • scrib, script – • write • vers, vert – • turn • -ject – • to throw • cede, ceed, cess – • to go; to yield • corp/o, corpor, corpus – • body • –locu, -loqu – • to speak, speech, talk, discourse • liter – • letter • duc, duct – • to lead

Root Review • retro – • back; backward; behind • sub – • below; beneath; lower in rank; under; nearly • super – • above; over; beyond • trans – • across; through; change; beyond • ultra – • beyond; excessive • dict – • speech, to speak; proclaim (declare officially); word • mal – • bad; evil; ill; wrong • omni – • all • post – • after; behind • pre – • before; in front of

Root Review • cide – • to kill • cred – • belief; believe • extra, extro – • outside of; beyond • inter – • between; among • magn, magna, magni – • great; large • ambi, amphi – • both; on both sides; around • ante – • before • bell – • war • bene, bon – • good; well • circum – • around; surrounding

Latin Vocabulary 4