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Ultracold Physics: Creating Quantum Matter at the Coldest Temperatures in the Universe

Ultracold Physics: Creating Quantum Matter at the Coldest Temperatures in the Universe. Brian DeMarco University of Illinois. Temperature Scale. supernova core 100,000,000,000 K. surface of sun 6,000 K. lava 1,200 K. Room temperature 294 K. triple point cell 273.16 K. ice

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Ultracold Physics: Creating Quantum Matter at the Coldest Temperatures in the Universe

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  1. Ultracold Physics: Creating Quantum Matter at the Coldest Temperatures in the Universe Brian DeMarco University of Illinois

  2. Temperature Scale supernova core 100,000,000,000 K surface of sun 6,000 K lava 1,200 K Room temperature 294 K triple point cell 273.16 K ice 273 K dry ice 164 K liquid nitrogen 77 K liquid He 4 K Universe 2.7 K dilution refrigerator 0.003 K 0 K “absolute zero”

  3. Cooling Below mK 1980s-90s: Developed techniques to cool atom gasesto ultra-cold temperatures We cool to Absolute Zero, as far as we can tell lowest measured temperature 200 mm/sec 0.000000000450 K

  4. Practical Applications Atomic clocks Atom gyroscopes Atom gradiometers

  5. Quantum Mechanics Everything is a quantum wave Planck’s constant

  6. Many-Particle Quantum Mechanics Everything is a quantum wave Classical Matter

  7. Many-Particle Quantum Mechanics Quantum Matter The waves overlap!

  8. Matter Wave Interference Quantum degeneracy

  9. Many-Particle Quantum Mechanics Quantum degeneracy We don’t understand strongly- interacting many-particle quantum matter

  10. The Route to Ultra-Cold • Laser cooling and trapping • Magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling

  11. Our insulation: ultra-high vacuum (10-12torr) science cell collection cell

  12. Laser Cooling 10 mK 109 atoms

  13. Evaporative Cooling <100 nK 105 atoms

  14. Data From Imaging

  15. Quantum Particles Fermions Bosons Waves overlap as much as possible Waves cannot overlap photons, W & Z bosons, 87Rb electrons, protons,40K

  16. Quantum Degenerate Matter Bosons Fermions Bose-Einstein condensation Superfluidity

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