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Introduction to Global AC Power

Introduction to Global AC Power. 50 Hz, 220-240 V. 50 Hz, 220-240 V. 60 Hz, 120 V. 50/60 Hz, 100V. 50 Hz, 220-240 V. 60 Hz, 110/220 V. 60 Hz, 110/220 V. Global Power Input Requirements. Know the Market your product is Intended to Serve !

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Introduction to Global AC Power

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  1. Introduction to Global AC Power 50 Hz, 220-240 V 50 Hz, 220-240 V 60 Hz, 120 V 50/60 Hz, 100V 50 Hz, 220-240 V 60 Hz, 110/220 V 60 Hz, 110/220 V

  2. Global Power Input Requirements • Know the Market your product is Intended to Serve ! • Min Voltage Variation = Nominal -15% to Nominal +10% • Min Global Voltage Range: 85 – 264 VAC Note: Many products relax to 100 – 240VAC • Min Frequency Variation = Nominal +/- 3 Hz • Min Global Frequency Range: 47-53Hz, 57-63 Hz Note: Many products use 47-63 Hz • Plug versions cover Types A-M • For complete global listing see World Wide Electricity Reference document

  3. COUNTRY VOLTAGE FREQUENCY PLUG COMMENTS Afghanistan 220V 50 Hz C & F * * A UN correspondent reports C and F common in Kabul, but its likely a variety of plugs may be used around the country.  Some sources report Type D also in use. Albania 220V* 50 Hz C & F *Voltage variations common Algeria 230V 50 Hz C* & F *A variation of Type C with a ground post offset about 1/2-inch from center may also be found. American Samoa 120V 60 Hz A, B, F & I Angola 220V 50 Hz C Anguilla 110V 60Hz A(maybe B) Antigua 230V* 60 Hz A & B *Airport area is reportedly Antigua power is 110V. Argentina 220V 50 Hz C & I* *Neutral and line wires are reversed from that used in Australia and elsewhere.  Click here for more. Armenia 220V 50 Hz C & F Aruba 127V* 60 Hz A, B & F *Lago Colony 115V Australia 230V* 50 Hz I *Outlets typically controlled by adjacent switch.Though nominal voltage has been officially changed to 230V, 240V is within tolerances and commonly found.  Austria 230V 50 Hz C, F Azores 220V* 50 Hz B, C, & F *Ponta Delgada 110V; to be converted to 220V For complete global listing see World Wide Electricity Reference document

  4. AC Power Quality – Standards Types A & B No Standardization, Many Types Many countries have multiple plug/receptacle types in service

  5. A typical voltage sag Voltage sags are by far the most common power disturbance AC Power Quality – Standards

  6. ANSI - American National Standards Institute IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association NFPA - National Fire Protection Association NEC - National Electric Code US Military Organizations that create power standards

  7. IEEE 1433: Power Quality Definitions • IEEE 519: Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems • IEEE 1159 :Monitoring Electric Power Quality • IEEE P1564: Voltage Sag Indices (Prelim) • IEEE P1453: Voltage flicker (Prelim) • IEEE P446: Emergency and standby power IEEE Power Quality Standards

  8. IEC SC77A: Low frequency EMC Phenomena • SC 77A/WG 1: Harmonics and other low-frequency disturbances • SC 77A/WG 6: Low frequency immunity tests • SC 77A/WG 2: Voltage fluctuations and other low-frequency disturbances • SC 77A/WG 8: Electromagnetic interference related to the network frequency • SC 77A/WG 9: Power Quality measurement methods • SC 77A/PT 61000-3-1: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-1: Limits - Overview of emission standards and guides. IEC Power Quality Standards

  9. MIL-STD-1399: "Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems" covers the design and testing of electric power systems and user equipment. It applies only to shipboard power. The standard is fairly complete, covering Type I, II, and III shipboard power. It provides specifications on sags, interruptions, impulses, unbalance, and harmonics. Last revision: Notice 1, 11 Mar 1992. • MIL-STD-704E:"INTERFACE STANDARD: AIRCRAFT ELECTRIC POWER CHARACTERISTICS"specifications for aircraft power quality, including DC, single-phase, and three-phase systems. It provides specifications on sags, interruptions, impulses, unbalance, and harmonics. Last revision: 1 May 1991. • MIL-M-24116B(SH):"Monitors, Voltage and Frequency, 400 Hz Electric Power" covers trip levels and durations of voltage and frequency monitors. It applies only to shipboard installations. • Last revision: Amendment 1, 29 October 1985. Military Power Quality Stds

  10. ANSI C62: Guides and standards on surge protection • ANSI C84.1: Voltage ratings for equipment & power systems • ANSI C57.110: Transformer derating for supplying non-linear loads ANSI Related Standards

  11. Diameter (mm) NEC Ampacity with60°C insulation Table of AWGs and approximate corresponding size and current capacity (ampacity) The following applies to solid wires. Stranded wires are calculated by calculating the equivalent cross-sectional area. AWG Diameter (in) 1 7.348 0.2893 110 2 6.543 0.2576 95 3 5.827 0.2294 85 4 5.189 0.2043 70 5 4.621 0.1819 Wire must be treated as any Resistor in terms of voltage drop, power dissipation and thermal rise 6 4.115 0.1620 55 7 3.665 0.1443 8 3.264 0.1285 40 9 2.906 0.1144 10 2.588 0.1019 30 11 2.304 0.0907 12 2.052 0.0808 20 13 1.829 0.0720 14 1.628 0.0641 15 15 1.450 0.0571 16 1.291 0.0508 12

  12. Applicable Safety Devices • Switches • Thermal 1-Time Metalic Fuses • PTC Auto-Resettable Fuses • PTC Inrush Current Limiters • Thermal and Magnetic Circuit Breakers • EMC Line Filters • Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters

  13. NEMA 5-15 Plug and Recepticle Note that the receptacle will also accept an ungrounded plug whether polarized or unpolarized. The round earth terminal is not intended to carry current accept in failure conditions. 15 Amp Max NEMA 5-15 / CSA22.2-Nº42 The type B plug has two flat parallel pins with the same geometry as type A, and a round ground or earthing pin (American standard NEMA 5-15/Canadian CSA 22.2, Nº42). It is rated at 15 amperes. The ground pin is longer than the two parallel pins so that the device is grounded before the supply is connected. The neutral jack in the type B socket is wider to accommodate polarized type A plugs, but the type B plugs often have both pins narrow, the ground pin enforcing polarity.

  14. NEMA 5-20 Plug and Recepticle 20 Amp Max NEMA 5-20 / CSA22.2-Nº42 The type B plug has 2 flat pins at right angels with the same geometry. The NEMA5-20R is designed to accept both ungrounded style as well as grounded 5-15 type plugs in addition to the above 5-20P.

  15. NEMA 5-20 Plug and GFCI Recepticle 20 Amp Max GFCI = Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter Senses current in ground and opens circuit if it exceed the rated value (typically 20-30mA)

  16. AC Power Efficiency – Standards

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