1 / 34

Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Cardiovascular Health. Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) = disease of the heart and blood vessels CVD is the leading cause of death among Americans Some CVD risk factors are controllable; others are not

makya
Download Presentation

Chapter 11

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 11 Cardiovascular Health

  2. Cardiovascular Disease • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) = disease of the heart and blood vessels • CVD is the leading cause of death among Americans • Some CVD risk factors are controllable; others are not • There are many things individuals can do to reduce their risk of CVD

  3. Major CVD Risk Factors That Can Be Changed • Tobacco use and exposure to ETS • Causes about 1 in 5 deaths from CVD • Damages artery linings • Reduces HDL • Raises LDL and triglycerides • Causes platelets to stick together • Raises heart rate and blood pressure • Displaces oxygen in the blood • Increases the rate of the accumulation of fatty deposits in arteries

  4. Major CVD Risk Factors That Can Be Changed • High blood pressure (hypertension) = sustained abnormally high blood pressure • Systole = pressure when heart contracts • Diastole = pressure when heart relaxes • High blood pressure strains the heart, damages the arteries, and increases risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and blindness • CVD can be reduced with regular exercise, healthy diet (reduced salt, increased potassium and fiber), and moderation of alcohol intake

  5. Blood Pressure Classification

  6. Major CVD Risk Factors That Can Be Changed • Unhealthy Cholesterol Levels • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) = unhealthy (“bad”) cholesterol; excess amounts are deposited in artery walls • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) = healthy (“good”) cholesterol; shuttle unused cholesterol back to the liver for recycling • Levels can be improved by quitting smoking, exercising, and improving diet (less saturated and trans fat, more fruits, vegetables, fiber, and whole grains)

  7. Cholesterol Guidelines

  8. Travels with Cholesterol

  9. Cholesterol Checked Among Americans Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

  10. Major CVD Risk Factors That Can Be Changed • Physical inactivity • Exercise decreases blood pressure and resting heart rate, improves cholesterol, improves the condition of blood vessels, and helps prevent obesity and diabetes • Obesity • Strains the heart, especially excess fat in the torso • Diabetes • Increases CVD risk even when controlled

  11. Contributing CVD Risk Factors That Can Be Changed • High triglyceride levels • Lower with exercise, healthy diet, quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake

  12. Contributing CVD Risk Factors That Can Be Changed • Psychological and social factors • Stress • Chronic hostility and anger • Suppressing psychological distress • Depression and anxiety • Social isolation • Low socioeconomic status • Alcohol and drug use

  13. Major CVD Risk Factors That Cannot Be Changed • Family history/heredity • Multiple genes contribute to CVD risk • Aging • CVD risk goes up with age • Being male • Men face a higher risk, especially earlier in life • Ethnicity • African Americans have higher rates of hypertension and stroke

  14. Annual Incidence of Heart Attack

  15. Women and CVD • Women underestimate their CVD risk • Nearly 1 in 2 women dies from CVD • About 1 in 30 women dies from breast cancer • Women are protected from CVD at younger ages by natural estrogen • After menopause, women are more likely than men to die after a heart attack • Women are more likely to have a heart attack without chest pain

  16. Major Forms of Cardiovascular Disease • Hypertension (a risk factor and a form of CVD) • Atherosclerosis • Heart disease and heart attacks • Stroke • Congestive heart failure

  17. Atherosclerosis • Atherosclerosis: Arteries are narrowed by deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances called plaques • Once narrowed by a plaque, an artery is vulnerable to blockage by blood clots • Blockage in the coronary arteries (coronary heart disease) can lead to a heart attack • Blockage in the brain can cause a stroke

  18. Atherosclerosis

  19. Heart Disease and Heart Attacks • Heart attack = Damage to, or death of, heart muscle, sometimes resulting in a failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the body; myocardial infarction. • Angina pectoris = A condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough blood, causing severe pain in the chest and often in the left arm and shoulder. • Arrhythmia = An irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat. • Sudden cardiac death = A nontraumatic, unexpected death from sudden cardiac arrest, most often due to arrhythmia (in association with underlying heart disease).

  20. Heart Attack Symptoms of heart attack require immediate action.

  21. Diagnosis and Treatment for Heart Disease • Diagnosis • Exercise stress test • MRI, echocardiogram, angiogram • Treatment • Lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) • Low-dose aspirin therapy • Prescription medications • Balloon angioplasty • Coronary bypass surgery Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kY5gKdFWT3k&feature=related

  22. Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veP5R-pzJVk&NR=1

  23. Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Nf6Q2skGOM

  24. Treatment of Heart Disease Surgery is one possible treatment for heart disease.

  25. Stroke • Stroke = An impeded blood supply to some part of the brain resulting in the destruction of brain cells • Ischemic stroke = caused by stroke • Hemorrhagic stroke = caused by ruptured blood vessel • Strokes may cause paralysis, walking disability, speech impairment, or memory loss • Treatment may include clot-dissolving and antihypertensive drugs

  26. Types of Stroke

  27. Stroke

  28. Congestive Heart Failure • Congestive heart failure = condition resulting from the heart’s inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it • Blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body • Caused by high blood pressure, heart attack, atherosclerosis, birth defects, rheumatic fever (delayed complication of upper respiratory streptococcus infection)

  29. Protecting Yourself Against Cardiovascular Disease • Eat heart-healthy • Decrease fat and cholesterol intake • Especially limit saturated and trans fats • Increase fiber intake • Alcohol intake—moderate, if at all • DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) • Exercise regularly • Avoid tobacco http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/new_dash.pdf

  30. Protecting Yourself Against Cardiovascular Disease (cont’d) • Know and manage your blood pressure • Know and manage your cholesterol levels • Develop ways to handle stress and anger • Know your risk factors sphygmomanometer

  31. Reducing Your Risk of CVD

  32. Mitral Valve Mitral valve prolapse is the most common cause of heart murmur. When the ventricles contract, the redundant leaflets prolapse (flop backwards) into the left atrium, sometimes allowing leakage of blood through the valve opening (mitral regurgitation).

  33. Wellness Worksheet Assignment Connect Chapter 11 Worksheet is due on Monday, October 1st, no later than 11:59PM.

  34. Reminders • Study guide for Exam I will be posted on instructor’s website. • Review for Exam I on Wednesday, September 26th. • Exam I (Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 11) on Monday, October 1st. • Please bring a pencil and Scantron 882-E for Exam I on Exam day. • As indicated in the course syllabus, no late or make-up exams given

More Related