Waste management system & information system in Albania

1. Waste management system & information system in Albania 06-08 November 2008 Sofia /Bulgaria Brikena SHIMA Alma KORRA Waste Expert, MEFWAInstitute of statistics Directory of Pollution Prevention Policies Ministry of Environment, Forest and Water Administration

2. Waste management system & Information system in Albania Contents: • Data on waste generation • Waste management cycle • Recycling • Environmental situation • Responsible Institutions • Legislation on waste management • Basic legislation on waste • Legislation focused on waste monitoring and information system • Waste data, monitoring and information flow • Ongoing projects • Problems and needs

3. Waste management system & Information system in Albania Data on waste generation Population ~ 3,1 million inhabitants

4. Waste management system & Information system in Albania Waste composition According the monitoring of waste generation done by Institute of Public Healthin 2001, in four main cites in Albania Tirane, Durres, Fier dhe Shkodër The main components of municipal waste in the biggest cities are inert materials, plastics and vegetable matters.

5. Waste management system & Information system in AlbaniaComposition of waste ( monitoring 2001)

6. Waste management system in Albania Waste management cycle (1) • About 80-90% of solid wastes in urban areas and about 10-20 % in rural areas are delivered to landfills (which in fact are dumpsite); the rest are simply dumped illegally or are spreading everywhere; • Urban waste management is decentralized; • Local authorities decides the fee, that should paid from each family for waste collection and transportation; The fee is 3-12 Euro/family/year. • The fee cover only collection, transportation and cleaning (not disposal of waste) • In most of the cities waste collection and transportation service is carried out by the private companies waste management service which are contracted by municipalities or communes. • Rural areas are not yet covered by waste management service. Waste is dumped on any available site in the villages or nearby. • All types of waste (urban, industrial, etc) are going to landfills; • The transport of wastes do no have the proper quality and frequency.

7. Waste management system in Albania Waste management cycle (2) • All municipal waste, including waste that is collected and transported, is disposed at landfills that are illegal and uncontrolled. There are 65 uncontrolled landfills in country; • There are a few small composting centers; • There are only 2-3 old incinerators for hospital waste, but they aren't working regularly and are posing environmental problems (air emissions); • In landfills disposed not only municipal waste but also industrial waste, construction debris, hospital waste and hazardous waste (such batteries, oil of cars), ect. • Urban waste are not sorted formally in recyclable components, but there is an informal market with individual collectors (mostly Rome people) and small companies.

8. Waste management system in Albania Waste management cycle - RECYCLING Source: IFC- Recycling Linkages project-May 2005 Main findings: • Some private companies are doing collection of paper, metal (ferrous and non- ferrous), plastic, glass; • Only small quantities of glass of scrap steel, glass, paper and aluminum cans are sorted for recycling and sometimes exported. • Metal recycling sector is the most developed one; • Glass: no recycling, only collecting and reusing (intentions to export crush glass); • There exist the But, the informal organization of about 12,.000 ind. collectors & 100 collection companies • There exist in Albania organized systems with at least four value adding layers in recycling of metallic scrap. The sectors of paper, plastics and glass recycling are not yet developed as functional systems. • Into recycling waste market contribute : -Households : Metals 27,171 t/y Paper 66,781t/y Plastic 40,756t/y Glass 17,467t/y -Industrial waste for metal is approximately 118,000 t/y -Industrial waste for paper, plastic and glass is irrelevant

9. Waste management system in Albania Situation on uncontrolled landfills (dumpsites) • No one of landfills meet international standards for construction and health norms (location, protect lining, drainage system, leachate treatment, gas collection etc.); • In landfills there are no facilities for sorting, processing, or recycling of waste. • A big problem for landfills are fires. Wastes are burned in open areas. Smoke contains toxic substances (dioxins, furans), which is a source for serious air contamination; • There are insufficient equipments (compactors, bulldozers, fire protection, .. )a few workers are involved in waste disposal at the sites (not trained and without proper equipment). • Many poor people and children (mostly Rome) work and live near landfills, which are open and without enclosure. • The sightsee is awful and greenery is completely missing.

10. Waste management system in Albania Other waste streams • The Hospital Waste amounts to 2.600 tons/year. At present there are no facilities for hospital waste treatment. There is only a incinerator but it doesn’t work regularly. In general medical waste are landfilled together with urban waste at uncontrolled sites; • The construction and demolition waste are contaminated by metal, asbestos, paint etc. They are landfilled together with urban waste or in non appropriate sites also. There is not any landfill for inert waste; • Most of obsolete pesticides are exported already for final disposal. We do not have data on quantities collected on small and medium farmers. have been accumulated by agricultural sector. • The old cars imported from Western countries are a challenge to find ways to use or dispose of scrap cars. Statistics on the quantities of scrap cars are no available. They sometimes are abandoned along the roads.

11. Waste management system & Information system Industrial waste • In 2005, with request of MoEFA, from Ministry of Economy was done an inventory in private and state enterprises. • The inventory was based in a questionnaire which was spread out to every enterprise. • The collected data are in fact waste accumulated or old chemicals (expired or non-used because their activity has been changed), . • But we do not have data on industrial waste generated every year. • There aren't any facility or landfill for disposal of industrial and hazardous waste.

12. Institution’s responsibilities on waste management & Information system • Ministry of Environment- drafts policies, legal framework for waste, control enforcement of all environmental legislation, gives Environmental Permit for activities that generate, and recovery or disposal waste. • Ministry of Economy - drafts industrial waste management policy and collects statistics on generation, recycling and disposal of industrial waste; • Ministry of Public Works –is responsible for defining the sites for collection and treatment of waste, inert waste collects statistics on generation of urban and inert waste. MPW may finance the construction of landfills. • Municipalities and regions- are responsible on municipal waste management (collection, transport, final disposal into landfills or their treatment at composting centers). They should prepare local and regional plans on waste management, suggest the appropriate location for landfills in their territory, define the fee, contract companies, etc. • Ministry of Health • Ministry of Agriculture • Monitoring institutions (Institute of Environment, Institute of Public Health) • Institute of Statistics-detyrat e instatit ALMA

13. Legislation on waste management (1): • Law No 8934 on Protection of Environmental” of 5.09.2002; • Law No 9010 dated 13.02 2003 “On Environmental Management of Solid Waste”; • Law no 8990 dated 21.1.2003 “On environmental impact assessment” • Law No 8094 dated 21.3.1996 “On public removal of waste”; • Law of May 2005 “On management of hazardous waste” • Decision of Council of Ministers No 26 dated 1994 “On hazardous waste and residues” • Law No 8652 dated 31.7.2000 “On organization and functioning of local government”, which obliges the municipalities and communes to organize by them the waste management in respective territory, pushing on the decentralization process; • Decision of Council of Ministers No. 26 dated 31.01. 1994 “On monitoring of environment” • Decision of Council of Ministers No. 99 dated 18.2.2005 “Albanian catalog of waste”, in totally compliance with EU Catalog;

14. Legislation on waste management (2): • Decision of Council of Ministers No. 806 dated 4.12.2004 “Procedures for Import of Waste, Intently for Recycling, Reusing and Treatment; • Regulation of Minister of Environment No 4 dated 15/10/2003 “Procedures for Export and Transit Movement of Waste” • Decision No. 776 dated 8/12/1998 Concerning Obligatory Collection and Deposit of Abandoned Vehicles. • May 2006 Albania ratified the PRTR Protocol of Aarhus Convention • Law 7687 of 1993 “On statistics” • MoE has prepared the national plan on approximation of legislation with Acqui in waste fild too. • Institute of Statistics

15. Legislation on waste management- (Plans): Actually the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration is working to draft: • National Environmental Strategy • The list of waste which could imported only for recycling, reusing and treatment, based on Green list of EU Regulation 259/93 ; • The project of Sida in Albania is working to prepare draft- regulations to fulfill the law “On Environmental Management of Solid Waste”, in order to implement it. • Regulation on management: • of construction and demolition waste; • of hospital waste, • Regulation • on landfilling, • on composting.

16. Waste data, monitoring and information flow (1) According the legislation: Several laws and sub-laws define the duties and obligations for institutions and private companies to register data on waste generation, their composition, quantities of waste collected, transported, treated, recycled,reused and disposed. • For private companies that generate or manage (collect, recycle,dispose...) waste: • In EIA report they should describe clearly the type of waste they generate in their activities and measured taken for WM (collecting, transporting, transport, disposal, ect). • In Environmental Permission (issued from MoE) are determined some obligation related to waste mnagement. • They should report to Regional Environmental Agencies (REA) every 6 months or yearly for data on waste. ( and publish monitoring data also) with their expences. • REA-s should report to MoE Until now these reporting are very rare, only for some companies that collect or recycle waste. (REA-s are more focused on air emissions and fewer in water discharges).

17. Waste data, monitoring and information flow (2) According the legislation: 2. For institutions: • MoE contract research institutions (IPH or IM) to carry out monitoring campaign. In 2001-2002 was the last one, because of the limited financial sources. • According the DCM “On monitoring of environment” the line ministries in cooperation with their institutions, are obliged to design special programs on environmental monitoring. • They should report in the end of each year to MoE about the wastedata. Until now, only the M. of Public Works has reported for 3 last years data on urban waste, inert waste generation for each municipality, region and national level. • Ministry of Economy has done an inventory in private and state enterprises in 2005. The collected data are in fact waste accumulated or old chemicals (expired or non-used because their activity has been changed). But we do not have data on industrial waste generated every year. • Other ministries, (MoH, MoA) have’t sent yet any data on waste in their respective field, even if several recalls.

18. Ongoing projects in waste management field • There are some feasibility study on design and construction of new regional landfills for urban waste: Shkodra, Vlora, Korca • The rehabilitation of Tirana dumpsite (hot-spot) and constriction of new cells • Feasibility study and detailed design for construction of national hazardous landfill; • Cleaning up and rehabilitation of some hot- spots: Durres, Vlora, Fier; • IFC project: Recycle linkages • Small projects on awareness raising, TV spots, etc • Small projects on hazardous waste identification in old state enterprises

19. Ongoing projects in waste management field Project“Waste management in Albania, with pilot area Korca Region”,founded by Sida (2006-2009) • Has several task in central, regional and local level • In central level has task to: • Support the Ministry of Environment in Implementation of Law on waste . • Determination of the Need for Supporting Regulations, Rules, Procedures, Guidelines, • Review of Legal Concepts related to Sanctions • Drafting of Regulations, Rules, Procedures, Guidelines, etc • Support the Ministry of Environment in Preparation of the National Solid Waste Plan. • Establishment of a System for Collection and Update of Information from the Regions • Establishment of Working Methodology: acts to prepare the local, regional and then national plans

20. Project“Waste management in Albania, with pilot area Korca Region”, • Assistance to the Ministry of Environment to Facilitate Collection and Dissemination of Results. • Identification of the Need and Appropriate Methods for Collection and Dissemination of Documentation, Results, etc • Planning and Preparation of Awareness Campaigns, including Preparation of Campaign Material, Press Releases, etc. • Assistance to the Ministry of Environment in Setting-Up a Programme for Registration and Monitoring. • Preparation of Concept for the Programme(s) for Registration and Monitoring of Waste Flow, Facilities and Operations • Developments of System(s) Specifications • Assistance to Establishment of Programme(s) • preparing the monitoring methodology The project will cover the vertical information stream towards web basing of the developed database, while ELPA and UNDP are covering the horizontal information stream on governmental and ministry level

21. Needs and objectives in waste management & information system • The development of a strategy and action plan for sustainable waste management • for management of municipal waste; • the safe closure of urban and industrial waste dumps; • for management of hazardous waste, industrial waste, and medical waste; • Transposition of EU legislation and complete the Law on Waste with necessary sub- acts; • Development of monitoring methodology for waste, and register system • To improve cooperation with line ministries, local authorities, and institutions • Capacity buildings in local and central level; • Development of fee & tax system and better use of financial resources; • Ongoing of feasibility studies for new landfills with construction investments; • Raise of necessary equipments, special training of workers • The promotion of cleaner production and establishment of a centre for cleaner technologies; • Dissemination of environmental information to the public and raise awareness.

22. Thank you!