ETHICS IN THE PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

1. JORNADA “ETICA EN LA INNOVACION TECNOLOGICA” Proyecto del Programa Bicentenario (PBCT) ETHICS IN THE PROCESS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION Prof. Dr. Ricardo B. Maccioni Universidad de Chile, International Center for Biomedicine & SYNAPTA

2. IN THE SEARCH OF MAJOR PARADIGMS The creative process of science has grown explosively during the past 5 decades. Unforseen new technological advances have emerged. However, major problems of mandkind remain unsolved, suggesting that scientific phenomena gradually dissociates from human phenomenon. Knowledge generated by small additions, has been characterized by its descriptive nature, rather than the search for integrative conceptual schemes.

3. To generate technological innovation, obtaining economic value from knowledge appears to be a commitment in modern society At the begining of XX century great innovations came from the area of physical sciences. Now it became evident that it is possible to innovate in areas related to bilogical sciences: emergency of biotecnology in the 70´s and genomics and proteomics in the early XXI century.

4. February 2001 Publication of the Human Genome by Dr. JC Venter from the Celera Group

6. Innovation impacts in the economic network of our society • Intelectual property protection of human creativity • Several emerging economies like ours experience difficulties inassuring intellectual property protection. • Our economies have not been able to incorporate into the innovation phenomena. Experience of Finland, Ireland, Singapoor and others have been successful. • Their legal mechanisms have not adapted to the dynamics of modern technological society.

7. The product of creativity can generate “technological constructs”, that apparently carry benefits for mandkind, but in a long-term results to be harmful for human health or the biodiversity.

8. UNIVERSE DISCOVERIES SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS CUTTING-EDGE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CULTURAL IMPACT PhD TRAINING PROGRAMS Leading Technologies APLICATIONS SCIENTIFIC CENTERS ENTERPRISE SOCIAL/ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE

9. Innovation is a result of creativity ¿What is inside of a creative mind? Sawyer has postulated that to innovate does not require of specific mental processes, rather is a result of the application of a previous complex mental pattern that activate certain brain mechanisms.

10. LIFE CYCLE OF A NEW TECHNOLOGY

11. CONDITIONS TO INNOVATE: THINKING IN THE FUTURE OUR GOALS THE PRESENT CHALLENGES WE CAN ATTAIN THE FUTURE ENORMOUS GAP • We can surmount this gap by changing our behaviour • Creative tension leads to innovation

12. ISI Publications of 12 countries with restrained economies and Spain (1992-2001) Source: “SCIENCE IN COUNTRIES WITH RESTRAINED ECONOMIES by EMBO, TWAS, HUMAN FRONTIERS & WELLCOME TRUST” (2003)

13. MAIN LESSONS FROM FINLAND EXPERIENCE • Technological cycles open new avenues to strenghten the emerging economies • Finland took advantage of the boom of mobile telephone industry in the 90´s • The impact on the economy was significant, triggering a sustained circle of virtue • To take advantage of these opportunities requires to innovate with success • WHAT SHOULD BE DONE IN CHILE!! • Enterprise as the main actor • Entrepreneurs and pymes stimulates the economical impact • A dynamics of clusters contribute to successful results • Public area provides the appropriate environment and facilities • Macroeconomic stability and fiscal discipline • Education: well trained talents • Coordinated actions that potentiate national competitiveness • Dialogue between academic world and the enterprise

14. Ethics and politics appears to citizens as different domains of human endeavor. However, both domains should interact positively in favor of human condition. What is ethically corrects, sometime appears as politically incorrect. However, ethics is the reference that determines future projections of a society. Politics has only a temporary character, even though some brilliant minds in politics can contribute to change the course of the world´s development.