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Understanding the PED nexus

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Understanding the PED nexus

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    1. Understanding the PED nexus André Pelser University of the Free State, South Africa

    2. What is the PED interface? The complex, multiple and reciprocal relationships that exist among population, environment and development factors anytime and everywhere

    3. Population size composition migration fertility mortality

    4. Environment provides life-support systems supplies vital resources act as sink

    5. Development Activities in environment to improve quality of life Both POPULATION and ENVIRONMENT are highly vulnerable - influenced by development We need a set of indicators as part of our planning tools and policy aims

    9. Climate Change, Human well-being and Development 13 African countries suffered water stress or scarcity in 1990 – to double by 2025 Diarrhea, dysentery and cholera Water crisis has implications for attainment of most of the MDGs, but particularly MDGs 3, 4 & 5

    10. Climate change, Human well-being and Development Increased risks of crop failure and reduced food security - malnutrition and disease Risk is aggravated by land degradation and population pressure Soil degradation: food security of some 2 billion people is at risk women and children - among the first victims of malnutrition, undernourishment

    11. Climate Change, Human well-being & Development magnify and reinforce existing gender inequalities in populations and development access to basic needs and natural resources becomes increasingly difficult, especially for impoverished rural women women headed-households form the majority of the poor, and suffer most when erratic weather brings drought or floods to marginal lands

    12. Climate change, Human well-being and Development Loss of species and degradation of habitat All over Africa, biodiversity resources are extensively used for subsistence, medicinal and commercial purposes Loss of biodiversity holds serious implications for future developments in agricultural crops and medicines

    13. Climate Change and the Millennium Development Goals Achieving the priorities of the eight MDGs would contribute significantly to climate resilience Progress has been slow The MDGs are undermined by early impacts of climate change population dynamics, and (3) consumption patterns

    14. Climate Change and the Millennium Development Goals MDG 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Potential impact of climate change Reduction of crop yields affects food security Changes in natural systems and resources may affect economic growth and income opportunities Social tensions over resource use can lead to conflict and forced migration

    15. Climate Change and the Millennium Development Goals MDG 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Potential impact of climate change Women and girls must cope with fewer resources and a greater workload Female-headed households with few assets are particularly affected by climate related disasters

    16. Climate Change and the Millennium Development Goals MDG 4 Reduce child mortality Potential impact of climate change Deaths and illness due to polluted water, heat waves, floods, droughts and hurricanes Children and pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to vector-borne and water-borne diseases which may spread to new areas

    17. Climate Change and the Millennium Development Goals MDG 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Potential impact of climate change Deteriorating water conditions increase vulnerability to disease Malnutrition accelerates the negative effects of HIV/AIDS

    18. In conclusion Climate change has both a natural and human dimension Impacts of climate change will exacerbate many challenges on our social and economic agenda (1) A shift in our thinking, AND (2) a better understanding of the interface between population dynamics, developmental challenges and climate change at all levels

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