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Varroa Mite Sampling and IPM

Varroa Mite Sampling and IPM. Keith Tignor VDACS Richmond, VA keith.tignor@vdacs.virginia.gov. Integrated Pest Management. Economic Injury Level. Economic Threshold. No Economic Loss. Identify Problem. Evaluate Results. Understand Pest/Host Interactions. Monitor Pest Levels.

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Varroa Mite Sampling and IPM

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  1. Varroa Mite Sampling and IPM Keith Tignor VDACS Richmond, VA keith.tignor@vdacs.virginia.gov

  2. Integrated Pest Management Economic Injury Level Economic Threshold No Economic Loss

  3. Identify Problem Evaluate Results Understand Pest/Host Interactions Monitor Pest Levels Select and Apply Controls Determine Threshold Levels Assess Options Integrated Pest Management Research Treatment

  4. Toxicity Intervention Prevention Integrated Pest Management Chemical Biological Genetic Mechanical Cultural

  5. Lessens the potential for pesticide resistance Reduces chemical costs Limits human exposure to pesticides Lowers the environmental impact of pest management. Integrated Pest Management

  6. Understanding Resistance

  7. Understanding Resistance

  8. Life Cycle of the Varroa Mite

  9. Life Cycle of the Varroa Mite • Tied to the Brood • Females diploid • Males haploid • 1st egg male • Male development: 5.5 to 6.2 days • Female development: 6.5 to 6.9 days • 5 – 6 eggs deposited • Mating in cell • Reproductive rate of 1.3 to 2.6 females per cycle

  10. Life Cycle of the Varroa Mite Drone Cell Preference • Larvae more attractive • Larvae attractive longer • Cells larger • Longer drone development

  11. Life Cycle of the Honey Bee

  12. Symptoms of Varroa Mite • Reduced adult bee population • Crawling bees (Crippled Winged Adults) • Spotty brood with EFB/Sacbrood symptoms • Queen supercedure • Loss of hive

  13. Monitoring Techniques • Capping scratcher

  14. Monitoring Techniques • Capping scratcher • Ether roll

  15. Monitoring Techniques • Capping scratcher • Ether roll • Sticky board

  16. Monitoring Techniques • Capping scratcher • Ether roll • Sticky board • Sugar shake / Alcohol wash

  17. Monitoring Techniques • Sticky board Spring – 40 mites per day Summer – 60 mites per day • Sugar shake / Alcohol wash 5 – 7 mites per 100 bees

  18. Management Techniques Cultural Control • Drone trap

  19. Management Techniques Physical / Mechanical Control • Screen Bottom Board

  20. Management Techniques Physical / Mechanical Control • Screen Bottom Board • Sugar Dusting

  21. Management Techniques Genetic Control • Hygienic • Russian • VSH (SMR)

  22. Management Techniques Biological Control • Hirsutella thompsonii fungus

  23. Management Techniques Chemical Control • Bio-pesticides • Thymol based • Apilife VAR • Apiguard

  24. Management Techniques Chemical Control • Bio-pesticides • Thymol based • Apilife VAR • Apiguard • Sugar Ester • Sucrocide

  25. Management Techniques Chemical Control • Acid Treatments • Formic Acid • Oxalic Acid • Acetic Acid

  26. Management Techniques Chemical Control • Synthetic miticides • Amitraz • Apistan • CheckMite+ • …

  27. Miticide Effect on Drone Honey Bee Sperm Production

  28. Miticide Effect on Honey Bee Queen Acceptance From Pettis et al. 2004 Apidologie

  29. Miticide Effect on Spermatozoa Viability in Queens From Burley 2007

  30. Lethal Dosage Levels of Miticides • Menthol Oral LD50 3180 mg/kg • Formic Acid Oral LD50 1100 mg/kg • Fluvalinate Dermal LD50 20,000 mg/kg • Coumaphos Dermal LD50 860 mg/kg All values are provided from tests on rats

  31. Varroa Mite Control • Use proven and approved mite treatment • Rotate stock • Rotate treatment • Chemicals should be last option - not first • Feed bees • Carbohydrate • Nitrogen • Reduce stress and diseases

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