Douglas Bryman University of British Columbia

1. Intensity Frontier Prospects for Kaon Decays 2/8 Douglas Bryman University of British Columbia

2. Energy Frontier New Physics Precision Frontier Flavor Physics DARK Matter Frontier High Mass Scales? COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, BBN LEPTOGENESIS? NEUTRINO PHYSICS

3. Five Special Rare Decay Experiments Probe new physics at the 1-1000 TeV Scales! State of the art: : 10-12 <1.2 10-11 <7.8 10-13 ***±0.4% ***10-10: 7events

4. Experiments Prospects for 10-1000 x improvements. Lepton Flavor Violation Precision 7 90% CL 100 1000 0.4% 0.06% Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

5. Intensity Frontier at Fermilab: Now and in the Future 2/8 GeV Linac Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

6. Tevatron StretcherMike Syphers • Tevatron can be use as a stretcher for providing 150 GeV beams to the existing Fermilab switch yard. • MI: 150 GeV, 1.33 s cycle time, 2(of 30) pulses->Tevatron • 100 Tp could be stored in the Tevatron for slow extraction using resonant extraction. • 10% of the available MI beam would produce 80 kW with a duty factor of 95% over a 27.3 s cycle time. Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

7. Project X ICD-2 1 mA 100% d.f. Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

8. Kaon (and Pion) Production Fermilab Proposal 996 ICD-2 Research Program Task Force Report 2009 Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

9. The case of the dog that didn’t bark. FCNC! Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

10. u c t 2nd order weak: proceeds very slowly! Kronfeld

11. Two Examples: SUSY: Rare meson decays into light neutralinos H. K. Dreineret al.Bonn-TH-2009-04 M. Blanke, et al.,arXiv:hep-ph/0610298.

12. * From G. Isidori, PoS KAON, 064 (2008) [arXiv:0709.2438 [hep-ph]]. Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

13. Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

14. The Secrets of Rare Decay Experiments Peter Johnny Hart “BC”

15. Special Features of Measuring Background processes exceed signal by >1010 I II • Determine everything possible about the K+ and + • * Measure momentum, energy, range, decay sequences • * +/+ particle ID better than 106 ( +-+-e+ ) • Eliminate events with extra charged particles or photons • * 0 inefficiency < 10-6 • Suppress backgrounds well below the expected signal (S/N~5-10) • * Predict backgrounds from data: dual independent cuts • * Use “Blind analysis” techniques • * Test predictions with “outside-the-box” measurements • Evaluate candidate events with S/N function

16. BNL E787/949 Measurement of Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

17. Probability for all 7 events to be due to background: 0.001 Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

18. CERN Proposal Goal: 10 x E949 New technique. Goal: 50 events/yr. Bkg.~ 14% Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

19. Requirements: • High intensity, high duty factor • Low energy, short K beams • Pulsed beams for Neutral K TOF • Exploit advances in instrumentation Goals and opportunities: <5% precision, comparable to theory, attainable in 3-5 years Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

20. 150 GeV MI beam (10% of available current) + Tevatron stretcher (after Run II) 95% d.f. • New short K+ beam at P=550 MeV/c: 7 x K+ flux relative to LESB3 at the AGS 3xefficiency for stopping kaons • Detector Improvements 10 x acceptance of E949. • Net gain: >100 x E949 • Proven technique. Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

21. Magnetic Field: B=1.25 T Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

22. P996: Incremental Improvements to E949 Technique 13.7 m K+ beam at 550 MeV/c Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

23. Possible site: B0 Hall Detector 150 GeV p beam 1014 p/pulse (27 s) 95% duty factor Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

24. Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

25. _ • B(KL0) ~ 2.5 10-11 Need huge flux of K’s -> high rates • Weak neutral particle kinematic signature 2 particles missing • Backgrounds with 0 up to 109 times larger • Veto inefficiency on extra particles must be 10-4 • Neutrons dominate the beam • make 0 off residual gas – requires high vacuum • halo must be very small • hermeticity requires photon veto in the beam • Need convincing measurement of background Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

26. KEK PS E391a  JPARC KOTO with KTEV CsI • Features: • Pencil Beam , High PT selection • High acceptance • Reliance on high photon veto efficiency • Sensitivity goal: ~SM level: 2.8 events S/B~1 Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

27. Hajime Nanjo (Kyoto) Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

28. a la KOPIO 2 GeV Protons <50 ps

29. Low energy beam comes in short bursts Beam very narrow for extra constraint 40 ns between microbunches directions as well as E measured TOF-based experiment A major issue in the KOPIO design was the very wide beam. L.Littenberg

30. Project X ICD-2: Time structure ideal for TOF-based experiment. ICD-2 Task Force Report • High intensity allows small beam dimensions (like KOTO): “Difficult” vacuum vessel disappears • Geometric acceptance maximized; symmetry restored • 2-D beam kinematic constraint increases S/B • Upstream backgrounds, backgrounds in the fiducial volume reduced • Same micro-bunch event spoilage reduced • Random vetoes reduced due to high duty factor • Beam veto may be unnecessary (See 2008 Project X workshop talks by L. Littenberg, S. Kettell) Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

31. Based on KOPIO techniques, a rough estimate for a Project X ICD-2 experiment can be made. J-PARC group also plans a phase II to reach higher sensitivity. Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

32. Dual targeting for charged and neutral experiments appears feasible but needs examination. • Detector technology R&D would be valuable e.g. 50 ps timing resolution, photon veto detectors • Further development of CKM parameters (from lattice, theory and B physics) needed for <5% (10%) measurements for K+ (Kl0). Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009

33. Summary: Rare Kaon Decays Doug Bryman FNAL Accelerator Workshop October 20, 2009