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MUTATIONS

MUTATIONS. Changes in DNA that affect genetic information. Mutations. A change in the order of the nucleotide bases in DNA is a mutation It can change the type of proteins a cell produces. No freckles. Freckles. Gene Mutations. Point Mutations – changes in one or a few nucleotides

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MUTATIONS

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  1. MUTATIONS Changes in DNA that affect genetic information

  2. Mutations • A change in the order of the nucleotide bases in DNA is a mutation • It can change the type of proteins a cell produces No freckles Freckles

  3. Gene Mutations • Point Mutations – changes in one or a few nucleotides • Substitution • THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT • THE FAT HAT ATE THE RAT • THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT • THE BAT CAT ATE THE RAT

  4. Gene Mutations • Frameshift Mutations – shifts the LETTERS of the genetic message so that the protein may not be able to perform its function. • Insertion • THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT • THE FAT HCA TAT ETH ERA T • Deletion • THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT • TEF ATC ATA TET GER AT H H

  5. Insertion

  6. Deletion

  7. Chromosomal Mutations • Changes in number and structure of entire chromosomes

  8. Chromosome Mutations • Deletion- loss of part or all of chromosome. • Duplication –extra copies or parts of chromosome. • Inversion-reverse direction of chromosome. • Translocation – occurs when chromosome breaks and attaches to another chromosome.

  9. Types of Chromosomal Mutation: Deletion Original ABC * DEF ABC * DEF

  10. Chromosome 5 Deletion:Cri du Chat Syndrome

  11. Types of Chromosomal Mutation: Duplication Original ABC * DEF ABBC * DEF

  12. Types of Chromosomal Mutation: Translocation Original ABC * DEF GHI*JKL ABC * JKL GHI * DEF

  13. Chromosome 21 Duplication & Translocation:Down Syndrome

  14. Types of Chromosomal Mutation: Inversion Original ABC * DEF AED * CBF

  15. Significance of Mutations • Most are neutral • Eye color • Birth marks • Some are harmful • Sickle Cell Anemia • Down Syndrome • Some are beneficial • Sickle Cell Anemia gives resistance to Malaria • Immunity to HIV

  16. What Causes Mutations? • Mutations can be inherited. • Parent to child • Mutations can be acquired. • Environmental damage • Mistakes when DNA is copied

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