RSR ASSOCIATES RSR TRADE LINK

1. RSR ASSOCIATESRSR TRADE LINK SUPPLIER OF : 1.COOLING TOWER CHEMICALS 2.BOILER TREATMENT CHEMICALS 3.DE-SCALING CHEMICALS 4.R.O.ANTISCALENT CHEMICALS 5.R.O.CLEANING CHEMICALS 6.TEST KITS FOR WATER ANALYSIS 7. COOLING TOWERS & PVC FILLS 8. SPARES & SERVICES FOR COOLING TOWERS

2. Sources of Water • Water It is a tasteless, odorless colorless liquid in its pure state. It is the only inorganic material existing in three forms A.ICE B.WATER C.STEAM (Vapor) These three things occurs within the earth's natural temperature range. Water can be converted into steam at a convenient temperature. Because of this nature, the water is ideal for process and for generating power. • General Generally speaking 100% pure water are not existing. All natural water contains impurities like dissolved solids, dissolved gases and suspended matters. Water is a universal solvent. It dissolves the rocks and soil it touches. It dissolves gases from atmosphere. It picks up suspended matters from earth. Above all, it gets contaminated by industrial wastes life dyes, oil and process materials. To be more precise the types of impurities the water contains on what it contacts and amount of impurities depends on time it contacts (retention time). • Type of Water Fresh water supply can be classified into two major categories by the source of water viz-a-viz A.PORTABLE WATER B.INDUSTRIAL WATER.

3. SOURCE OF WATER • Surface Water • Ground Water • River Water • Shallow Water • Stream Water • Deep-well Water • Reservoir Water • Bore-well Water • Generally speaking, ground water like bore well or well water will be a continuous flow of water and contains more dissolved solids like irons, silica and other minerals. Whereas in surface water like river water and others the total dissolved solids will be less which results in total hardness. However continuous additions of industrial wastes like dyes, processed chemicals in river water contaminate the same. In bore well continuous consumption of water makes the situation still worse. • Sea Water : The sea water is the another source of water, but it contains about 36gms of minerals (almost solids) in the liter. The minerals contents in fresh water are far less than that of sea water. Some experiments is being carried out to convert the sea water into ordinary water (for industrial use) , however, the treatment cost per liter is so high that it cannot be used for any industrial purposes. • River Water: Usually the river water will be containing less hardness than that of ground water. for instance, the bore well water total hardness will be around 700 to 800 Mg/l, whereas the same can be around 300Mg/l in river water, However, the river water will contain more suspended solids which will affect the costly equipment if the water if it is used directly.

4. EXTERNAL TREATMENT • It is the treatment to remove calcium by cationic resins which is called as a softner.Another treatment which is called as a D.M.Plant will remove all the minerals by cationic and anionic methods. Even though using this kind of water is good for circulation water but this treatment is not complete solution for solving the problems in circulating water. For example the softener removes only calcium other minerals such as silica, sulphite, and chloride cannot be removed as it also forms as a scale or corrosion. In this treatment you have to use lot of water for back washing and after regeneration. In soft water Biological growth will be high and it chokes the system. Taking all in to this it is better to go for internal treatment programme. • As per the D.M.Plant it removes all the minerals and hence the water become acidic which will leads to corrosion. Operation cost for this treatment is very high and it is not advisable to use for circulating water.

5. INTRODUCTION • In any cooling process water takes heat from process and cools the system. • By the way it gets heated up and in turn it need to be cooled to reuse the same. • It gives up the heat through a process called evaporation. TYPE OF COOLING SYSTEMS • There are three types of cooling systems which are in use in industry:Once through system • Closed re-circulating system • Open re-circulating system ONCE THROUGH SYSTEM • Once through systems normally present nearby a sea or river. • In this system water is drawn from the source and pass it through the system once and discharge it back into the source. CLOSED RE-CIRCULATING SYSTEM • In closed re-circulating system water is re-circulated continuously. • The heat taken from the process is cooled in a heat exchanger which in turn cooled by cooling tower water. • Thus in other words it is called as a PRIMERY CIRCUIT.

6. OPEN RE-CIRCULATING SYSTEM • In this system water is re-circulated continuously through the process where it is required to take heat. • The heated water gets cooled in a cooling tower through evaporation method. • The loss of water through evaporation is compensated with fresh makeup water. • The open re-circulating systems are prone to many external contaminations which calls for proper treatment control. COOLING WATER TREATMENT • The following problems are encountered in cooling water: • SCALING • CORROSION FOULING • MICRO BIOLOGICAL FOULING

7. SCALE

8. SCALING • In a cooling system water is constantly re-circulated to remove heat from heat exchangers. In this process water is continuously evaporated to give up heat, while the minerals it contained are left back in the remaining water. This leads to the increase in mineral concentration in the cooling water. These minerals start precipitating after attaining saturation and form crystalline like substance in heat exchanger system. This crystalline growth is called Scale. CAUSES OF SCALING • pH: pH has got a significant effect on scaling. Solubility of salts of calcium & magnesium reduces as pH increases. Hence they tend to precipitate at higher pH and form scale. • Hardness is one of the main elements that induce scale formationHigher alkalinity leads to the precipitation of salts of calcium & magnesium and also leads to the formation of silicate scales. • Temperature: Salts of calcium & magnesium have inverse solubility i.e., as the temperature increases their solubility decreases. Thus they precipitates and form scales. • Silica precipitates as Calcium silicate or magnesium silicate at higher pH. This forms hard scales. REMENDIAL MEASURES TO CONTROL SCALING • Scaling is control with addition of scale inhibitors which form water soluble complexes with calcium & magnesium ions and prevent them from precipitating. • While adding above chemicals the following parameters to be monitored: • Maintain pH at less than 8.5. • Maintain regular blow down as recommended to control build up of mineral concentration. • Identify low velocity areas in cooling system and correct the same.

9. CORROSION

10. CAUSES OF CORROSION Corrosion is nothing but physical loss of metal when the metal turns to it’s oxide form. It occurs due to the following: • Low pH • Presence of oxygen. Oxygen combines with electrons and water at cathode. Continuous contact of cathode with oxygen keeps corrosion process going on by way of inducing electron flow from anode and this results in loss of metal an anodic sites. • Presence of Corrosive anions like Chlorides, sulfates, etc.,Presence of Bacteria viz., Sulfate reducing bacteria, Nitrifying bacteria, iron reducing bacteria. • Dissimilar metals in the system cause galvanic corrosion.

11. PROBLEMS DUE TO CORROSION   • Reduces heat transfer due to build up of corrosion products in the heat exchanger. • Corrosion increases maintenance costs as heat exchangers frequently fouled by corrosion products. • Corrosion increases repairs and replacement costs and in turn it increases down time losses. • Corrosion develops leaks in heat exchanger system due to which cooling water gets mixed up with process fluids and contaminate the process. REMEDIAL MEASURES TO CONTROL CORROSION   • Passivate anodic sites to prevent electron transfer with the help of anodic inhibitors. Similarly passivate catholic sites with the help of catholic inhibitors also. • Use of filming inhibitors suitable to the metallurgy of the system to control corrosion. • Use of suitable biocides to control corrosion causing bacteria.

12. FOULING • Foulants are particles of oil, dust, silt, dead organisms, scale & corrosion products and other debris in suspended state in cooling water. They enter the system through internal and external sources. • These foulants stick together and gradually settle on metal surfaces of the cooling lines and create deposits.

13. PROBLEMS OF FOULING • Obstructs water flow. • Reduces heat transfer efficiency. • Reduces the performance of scale and corrosion inhibitors. • Induces corrosion which leads to increased maintenance and replacement costs. • Remedial measures to control fouling • Addition of dispersants help control fouling. • Low velocity areas are to be identified and corrective action is to be taken. • Remove foulants regularly with the help of side stream filtration help control fouling.

14. MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION • Water is an ideal place for micro organisms to live and breed. • Bacteria, algae and fungi are the most common microbes that are encountered in cooling water systems. • These microbes cause serious damage to the cooling water system. TYPES OF BACTERIA • Iron reducing bacteriaThese bacteria survives by converting iron to iron oxides. • Sulfate reducing bacteria • These bacteria survives by converting sulfates in cooling water to sulfites there by reduces cooling water pH. • Nitrifying bacteria • These bacteria survives by converting ammonia to nitrites and there by reduces cooling water pH. • Slime forming bacteria • These bacteria secrets slime in cooling water system. • Apart from the above cooling water is conducive for the growth of Algae & Fungi.

15. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH MISCROBES • Iron reducers cause iron oxide deposits in heat exchanger system. This reduces heat transfer efficiency. • Sulfate reducers cause reduction in cooling water pH thereby cause severe corrosion in cooling system. • Nitrifying bacteria causes reduction in cooling water pH and induce severe corrosion. • Slime forming bacteria secret slime in cooling system which is sticky. This slime entraps suspended particles and fouls the system. Also it reduces heat transfer efficiency of heat exchangers. It reduces water flow rate in the cooling system. • Algae grows with the help of sun light. • Fungi is produced by microbes that thrives on cellulose. These destruct cooling tower wooden structures. MEASURES TO CONTROL MICROBIAL PROBLEMS • Control entrainment of process contamination like phosphates, ammonia etc.,. • While designing phosphate corrosion inhibitor program care should be taken to see that phosphate reserves are not exceeding 10ppm. • Recommend non – oxidizing biocides compatible to the dispersants. • pH is one of the important factors which enhances the performance of biocides. • Select effective combination of Oxidizing and non – oxidizing program to suit the system’s operating condition and other scale & corrosion programs. • Supplement the biocide program With bio - dispersants to improve the efficiency of biocides.

16. COOLING WATER CALCULATIONS EVAPORATION • 0.1% evaporation takes place for every          10 F rise in temperature.          Evaporation rate (M3/Day) = 0.001x Rec. Rate x ∆T C x 1.8 x.75x 24 Hrs          Blow Down (M3/Day)= evaporation/C – 1          C = Cycle of concentrations. LANGLIER INDEX • This helps us to find out tendency of cooling water, i.e., whether the water is on scaling side or corrosive side. • With the help of the table we first evaluate saturation pH. Saturation pH is the pH at which caco3 becomes saturated in the cooling water. • L.I = pH – pHs pH = analytical pH. • pHs = saturation pH • If LI is on +ve side indicates Scaling. If LI is on - ve side indicates corrosion. If LI is 0.0 indicates chemically balanced and prone to pitting. • The optimum LI range is between + 0.5 & + 1.0.Evaluation of Corrosion Rate • Corrosion Rate = W1 – W2 x534      ---------------- MPY  D x A x T   MPY = mills per year. • W1 = Initial Weight of Coupon in mg.   W2 = Final weight of Coupon in mg.   D = Density of Coupon   A = Surface area of Coupon in in2.   T = Time of exposure in Hours.   The minimum time of exposure should be 30 days. • Standard corrosion rate allowed is 3 to 5 mpy

17. Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance is becoming more and more top priority while it is contributing to the bottom line. Our Preventive maintenance programs are designed to be effective, simple, time tested, and it enhances the process and system performance. Since the treatment extends the life of the equipments, which contributes to the bottom line. Our Preventive maintenance program are designed to remove insulting deposits to improve efficiency of the system. Our preventive maintenance programs are designed to archive the following objectives. 1.Enhances the process performance by way of smooth running of system. 2.Reliable operation, which will enable a planned shut down. 3.Improving bottom line by way of generating returns on the cost of treatment. These objective are met through scientific system study, suggestion of proper preventive maintenance programs being implemented as per the design. Our preventive maintenance program includes range of cleaning chemicals from acid cleaners to alkaline cleaners to cleaners in gel form

18. BOILER WATER TREATMENT MODERN HIGH HEAT FLUX BOILERS REQURE BOTH EXTERNAL TREATMENT AND INTERNAL TREATMENT PROGRAMMES. THE EXTERNAL TREATMENT IS DESIGNED TO REMOVE DISSOLVED IONS AND GASES . THE INTERNAL TREATMENT IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT OR MINIMIZE THE SCALE FORMATION, CORROSION CAUSED DUE TO DISSOLVED OXYGEN.THE PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO TREAT WATER IN PRE BOILER,BOILER AND POST BOILER SUCH AS CONDENSATE RETURN. OUR INTERNAL WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS INCLUDE ELABORATE SYSTEM SURVEY TO ENSURE THAT THETREATMENT PROGRAM CAN WORK EFFECTIVELY FROM START UP . THE APPLICATION INCLUDE INTERNAL SOFTENERS , OXYGEN SCAVENGERS WHICH REACTS WITH TRACT AMOUNTS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN GAS TO PREVENT OXYGEN CAUSED CORROSION THROUGHOUT THE SYSTEM. SLUDGE CONDITIONER : HELPS IN DISTRIBUTING CRYSTALLIZATION AS THE SCALES ARE EXTREMELY UNDESIRABLE AS THEY IMPLEDE THE HEAT TRANSFER LEAD TO UNDER DEPOSIT CORROSION AND CAUSE BOILER METAL FAILURE. CONDENSATE NEUTRALIZATION IS FORMULATED TO PREVENT CORROSION IN THE AFTER BOILER SECTION BYNEUTRALIZING ACIDIC RADICALS IN CONDENSATE AND BY FORMING A PASSIVE LAYER ON THE METAL SURFACE TO PREVENT CARBONIC ACID ATTACK. IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE PRODUCTS OTHER RANGES INCLUDE pH BOOSTER,TANNIN BASED SLUDGE CONDITIONER ETC.

19. COOLING WATER TREATMENT • OUR PROGRAMS ARE DESIGNED TO ACCOMPLISH FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES TO KEEPTHE PLANT SYSTEM FREE FROM CORROSION, DEPOSITS AND MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH. • SCALE AND CORROSION CONTROL:THE PRODUCT INCLUDE ORTHOPHOSPHATE,PYROPHOSPHATE,ORGANOPHOSPHATE,ZINC AND MOLYBDENUM BASED WELL PROVEN CORROSION INHIBITORS AND TERPOLYMER BASED SCALE CONTROL TREATMENT WHICH DISTORTS THE CRYSTALLISATION EVEN WHEN THE SYSTEM IS UNDER SEVERE STRESS CONDITIONS VIZ.,HIGH HARDNESS,HIGH TEMPERATURE ETC.,

20. MICRO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL • THE MICRBIOLOGICAL GROWTH VIZ.,ALGAE & FUNGI HAMPERS HEAT TRANSFER AND WATER CIRCULATION IN THE COOLING SYSTEM . • IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE,MICRO ORGANISAM CAUSE CORROSION IN THE SYSTEM. • OUR BIOCIDES INCLUDE BOTH OXIDIZING AND NON-OXIDIZING BIOCIDES TO ACHIVE CONTROL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH.OUR COMPERHENSIVE TREATMENT PROGRAMS ARE INCORPORATED WITH BIO DISPERSENTS TO BREAK BIO FILM IN THE SYSTEM WHICH ENHANCEES THE PERFORMANCE OF OUR BIOCIDES.

21. MONITORING OF TREATMENT PROGRAM • PROPER MONITORING TO ACHIVE BETTER CONTROL ON THE TREATMENT OBJECTIVES TO SUPPORT EVERY TREATMENT PROGRAM. • IN ADDITION TO THE ABOVE, TREATMENT MONITORING HELPS ELIMINATE LOW OR EXCSS ADDITION OF CHEMICALS IN TO THE SYSTEM. • THERE ARE LOT OF METHODS OF MONITORING SYSTEMS AVAILABLE BASED ON THE SIZE,PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SPECIFIC NEEDS.

22. CONCLUSION • IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE SCALES AND CORROSION IN COOLING AND BOILER WATER SYSTEMS ARE MAINLY DUE TO WATER CAUSED PROBLEMS AND THESE PROBLEMS CAN BE SOLVED TO A GREATER EXTENT BY SELECTING THE PROPER EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES AND BY PROPER PROGRAMME WHILE CONSIDERING,THE HEALTH AND SAFETY FACTORS IN TO ACCOUNT.

23. COMPANY PROFILE TO SERVE THE INDUSTRIES IN WATER TREATMENT FOR BOILER, COOLING TOWER. MANAGING WATER WHICH IS BECOMING MORE AND MORE SCARCE NATURAL RESOURCE N AND IS AS CRITICAL TO THE CONTINUED GROWTH OF BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY AS MANAGING ANY OTHER RESOURCE

24. IN RSR ASSOCIATES WE HAVE WELL TRAINED SERVICE STAFFS. HAVING THE SUPPORT OF MR. SANJAY JANI HAVING EXPERIENCE NEARLY TWENTY YEARS IN WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS AND COOLING TOWERS FOR INDUSTRIES IS LEADING US FOR ANY KIND OF PROBLEMS RELATED TO WATER AND COOLING TOWER. WE RECENTLY STARTED R.O.TREATMNET CHEMICALS TO FULLFIL THE NEED OF OUR CUSTOMERS AND TO COPE UP WITH THE GROWING TECHNOLOGIES. • ASPER THE SEVICE WE NEVER COMPROMISE HENCE WE ASSIST OUR CUSTOMERS IN TREATMENT PROGRAMME WITH QUALITY SUPPLY AND REGULAR SERVICE BY ANALYSING THE REQUIRED WATER SAMPLES PERIODICALLY.WE PRESENTLY SERVE MORE THAN 700 INDUSTRIES IN ALL OVER GUJARAT. • WE ALSO TAKEUP THE TREATMENT, DE-SCALING JOBS OR COOLING TOWER INSTALLATION ON TURNKEY BASIS ON REQUEST.

25. OUR TECHNICAL & SERVICE TEAM MR. SANJAY JANI (TEAM LEADER): • HE IS OUR TECHNICAL LEADER AND HAVING MORE THAN 25 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS FOR COOLING TOWER, BOILER AND R. O. CHEMICALS. HE HAS WORKED VARIOUS REPUTED CONCERN AND HAVING VAST KNOWLEDGE IN MANUFACTURING AND TROUBLE SHOOTING. MR. ROHIT PATEL(PRODUCTION INCHARGE) • HE IS OUR PRODUCTION INCHARGE TO MANUFACTURE AND TO MAINTAIN BE QUALITY AS PER THE ISO STANDARDS AND HAVING KNOWLEDGE ON GROWING NEEDS OF INDUSTRIES ON LATEST TECHNOLOGY. HE IS HAVING EXPERIENCE IN THIS LINE FOR THE LAST 16 YEARS AND NEVER COMPROMISE ON QUALITY PRODUCTS. MR. VIKRAM PATEL(SERVICE INCHARGE) • HE IS OUR SERVICE INCHARGE FOR ERRECTION & COMMISSIONING OF COOLING TOWERS & DE-SCALING JOBS ON TURN KEY BASIS. HE HAS WORKED LEADING MANUFACTURERS MORE THAN 6 YEARS AND HAVING GOOD KNOWLEDGE TO GIVE PROPER SERVICE IN TIME.