Business Chinese Grassroot Innovation

1. Business ChineseGrassroot Innovation Aravind G Chandrakant Anuse Ostrowski Christopher Benjamin Anil G

2. Innovation Defined • Involves thinking differently, creatively and insightfully • Enables solutions/ inventions that have an impact on social and economic value • Fulfills unmet needs, not met by conventional products/processes/ institutional forms • Moving beyond R&D to mean new applications of old technologies, new processes & structures, organisational creativity & more…

3. Innovation Defined • Products • Services • Processes • Organization • Governance • Social sector • Urban/Rural • Public • National • International • Private Sector/ NGO • Individual • Institution • Big/ Small Innovations redefine everything

4. Innovations • People, Culture, Diversity, Ecosystem & Opportunities drive Innovations • Innovations are required to develop new Products, Services, Markets, reduce Costs, improve Efficiency, Productivity, Performance, Quality, etc • Innovations are the key to Growth, Prosperity & Problem solving world over

5. Grassroots Innovations Characteristics, Causes and Types Innovation is about thinking and creating solutions with an uncommon perspective, that tend to positively impact the environment, both socially and economically. • Characteristics • In terms of subject, grassroots innovation is a bottom up innovation starting from the grassroots wherein grassroots refers to disadvantaged class as opposed to mainstream elite • In terms of motive, grassroots innovations are spontaneous and interest driven • In terms of method, grassroots innovation advance gradually starting from direct experience • In terms of type, grassroots innovation is the practical low-cost innovation based on technology • Causes • Need (Necessity is the mother of all inventions) • Negligence by the mainstream • Cost • Expertise (Acumen) • Practical Knowledge: We could produce good seeds and poultry even before we knew about DNA • There exists a market for Frugal Solutions • Hindrances • Lack of education/support/opportunity • Traditional learning system • Preference to JOBS • Society/Family/Peers

6. Innovation Pillars

7. Innovations Frameworks and Types

8. Current Efforts • Many players on Multiple fronts: • National Innovation Foundation • Honey Bee Network • Society for Research and Initiatives for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions (SRISTI) • Council for Scientific & Industrial Research • Tata Institute of Fundamental Research • Education Institutions like IISc, IITs, IIMs, etc • Technology and Business Incubators • New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative • Department of Science and Technology (DST) and more ….

9. Current Efforts • Techno Entrepreneurs Promotion Program • Technology Development Board (TDB) • Home Grown Technology Program (HGT) • AYUSH: Ayurveda Yoga Naturopathy Unani Siddha and Homeopathy • GIAN: Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network • FRLHT: Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions • TERI: The Energy and Research Institute • CII,FICCI, AIMA and others And many more at national & state levels in Government & private sector

10. Some Challenges • The researchers in R&D per million people in 2006: India (119), China (715), South Korea (3723), US (4628) and Japan (5300) • R&D expenditure - 0.8 per cent of GDP • Education , skill & infrastructure need new investments • Need more productivity from the existing institutions • Linkages between academia, research and industry need to be Strengthened • Innovations in Design need to be expedited: India’s output in new designs 39 vs. 53,000 in China in 2002

11. Challenges: Science & Technology • India Ranked 119 of 149 countries in the 2004 Science Citation Index • India produces only 6,000 PhDs a year in science and 1,000 in engineering • Less than 20 % of public support for R&D is for civilian applications • Indian Institute of Technology was granted 3-6 patents a year compared with 64 for the Stanford and 102 for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (McKinsey) • According to WIPO statistics (2009) India was granted 7,539 patents while the equivalent number for Japan was 1,64,954, the US was 1,57,283, the Republic of Korea was 1,23,705, and China was 67,948 • In 2006, India had 119 researchers in R&D per million people, while China had 715, South Korea had 3723, US had 4628 and Japan had 5300

12. Global Competitiveness: S&T

13. Some Opportunities • Organisational flexibility • Increased collaborations • Patent protection • Young talent pool • Diaspora talent pool • Traditional knowledge based Products & Services • Low cost robust Broadband ICT infrastructure • Grassroots/low cost innovations • Inclusive/BOP/Scalable innovations • Global markets

14. STRATEGY

15. Innovation Pentagon

16. Strategy • Provide broader PLATFORM for Innovations everywhere to include: • Products • Services • Organisations & Institutions • Processes • Research and Development • Science & Technology • Governance • Social and Cultural • Mindset • National/ State/ Sectoral Councils

17. Strategy • Encourage Innovations for INCLUSION aimed at the Bottom Of the Pyramid: • Awareness • Access • Affordability • Availability • Scalability • Sustainability • Quality • Pervasive Growth • Innovations for/by the people • Innovations for the BOP

18. Strategy • Foster necessary ECO SYSTEM • Incentives & Awards • Innovation clusters at universities • Innovative business clusters • Innovation in MSMEs • Organisational Autonomy & Flexibility • Policies & Programmes • New Institutions • Risk/ Venture Capital • IPR/ Patents • Web & ICT as tools

19. Strategy • Focus on DRIVERS • Multidisciplinary • Collaborative • Disruptive • Generational Change vs. Incremental Change • Durable vs. Disposable • Need vs. Demand • Nature as Nurture • Locally Relevant • Globally Connected and Competitive • Focus at the Edge

20. Strategy • Expand Space for Discourse on Innovation in the country by: • Discussions • Debates • Seminars • Conferences • Best Practices • Subversive Dialogue • Irreverent Dialogue • New Ideas • Media • Innovation Portal

21. Disparity - Rich & Poor - Urban & rural - Educated & Uneducated Demography - 550 million below 25 years - Health, Nutrition - Education, Jobs Development - Expedite the process & create new methods & new models

22. Multiple demands • Female literacy • Infant mortality • Water & Sanitation • Food & Nutrition • Health for all • Education for all • Alternate energy • Droughts & Floods • Security & Safety

23. Multiple demands • Scientific Temper • Implementation • Improved services • Better Governance • District level Development • Maintenance • Dignity of Labor • Process Re-engineering… • And More…..

24. Role of Technology Technology as a tool for problem solving Technology an entry point to increase Role of Technology

25. Role of Government • Government can: • Drive innovation through education policy and skill development • Improve governance and re-engineer public service delivery by innovating within its own structures • Create a roadmap for Inclusive Innovation • Facilitate connections between universities, manufacturers, users and regulators • Drive high quality research, basic research & Business Innovations • Bring appropriate Defense research to consumer market • Promote Innovative Policies & Places • Provide appropriate infrastructures • Facilitate exchange of innovations between public and private sectors • Initiate Nation wide innovation movement

26. Some Innovative Initiatives by Government Need improved processes, coordination, collaboration, communication & implementation

27. National Innovation Council International Collaborations State/ Sectoral Innovation Councils National Innovation Portal Outreach Action Plan Eco System Multiple Roadmaps Inclusive Innovation Fund Collaboration, Training & Support University Innovation Centers InnovationClusters

28. Consultations Government Political Parties Ministry of S&T Science Advisory Council to the PM HRD Ministry of Information and Communications Technology Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Railways Ministry of Law and Justice NIC Planning Commission PMO State Governments Professionals Indian Science Community and associations Indian Industry Associations – CII, FICCI, AIMA, etc. Think Tanks and Innovation Organizations NGOs Multilateral Agencies Regional/ National/ International Consultations

29. Unique Window of Opportunity • Redefine Innovation Paradigm beyond R&D • Focus on Inclusive Innovations • Create innovation roadmaps across sectors • Create necessary ecosystem, talent & funding • Use ICT/Web as entry point for delivery • Build scalable and sustainable Indian model

30. 10 HP Mini Tractor

31. Motor Protection Device • The only one of its kind multi-feature protection device • Prevents motors from burn-outs from 21 potential fault conditions which can occur like: • Overheating • Dry run • Phase reversal • Voltage fluctuations • Provides earth protection and auto starter • Suitable for working with motors from 3HP to 100 HP range • Modular design, therefore easein customization

32. Buttonhole Making Machine • Radically simple design ensuring high degree of maintainability • Designed with the tailoring business in mind • Capacity of 100-120 buttonholes per hour • Full shuttle mechanism with 96 stitches per buttonhole • The technology is at incubation stage and needs design and technology value addition

33. Motorcycle Driven Plough • Attachment which converts a motorcycle into a “mini-tractor” • Capable of doing agriculture operations like: • Cultivating • Ploughing • Spraying (with a special attachment) • Easy assembly and disengagement - convertibility time about 15 minutes • A highly economical machine for small farmers and ideal for bullet owners • Immense market opportunity given the large number of bullet motorcycles operational in villages of India • Price of the attachment – Rs. 20,000

34. What a participant is required to do : • To pick up any such grassroots innovation • Brief description about the process or scientific principle laying behind the technology • It’s advantages , limitations & constraints. • How that technology can be up scaled or the potential areas of its application • What technical or any other improvements could be possible ( if at all possible) • Economics of the operation (/installation) • Whether the technology is sustainable!

35. Websites • Official website: www.iii.gov.in • National Innovation Council: www.innovationcouncil.gov.in • National Knowledge Commission: www.knowledgecommission.gov.in • National Knowledge Network: http://www.nkn.in/ Portals • National Innovation Portal: www.innovation.gov.in • India Biodiversity Portal: www.indiabiodiversity.org • Teachers of India: www.teachersofindia.org • India Environment Portal: www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in • India Energy Portal: www.indiaenergyportal.org • India Water Portal: www.indiawaterportal.org Social Media: • Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/New-Delhi-India/Adviser-to-the-PM-on-Public-Information-Infrastructure-and-Innovations/100738043327407?v=wall • Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/iii

36. Thank You