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Names & Formulas of Acids

Names & Formulas of Acids. Acid: a substance whose molecules form H + ions when dissolved in water HCl (aq) H 2 S (g) H 3 PO 4 (aq) Acids can be recognized because: Their formula starts with H n o r Their formula contains COOH, CO 2 H or. Names & Formulas of Acids.

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Names & Formulas of Acids

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  1. Names & Formulas of Acids • Acid: a substance whose molecules form H+ ions when dissolved in water • HCl (aq) • H2S (g) • H3PO4 (aq) • Acids can be recognized because: • Their formula starts with Hn or • Their formula contains COOH, CO2H or

  2. Names & Formulas of Acids • The name of an acid depends on the type of acid and the anion present: • Acids with “ide” anions (no oxygen) • aqueous solutions • gases • Oxyanion-based acids (with oxygen)

  3. Acids Without Oxygen • If the acid does not contain oxygen and is dissolved in water (aq): hydro+ (anion name minus “ide”) + “ic acid” HCl (aq) hydro+ chloride + ic acid hydrochloricacid “Hydro”= no oxygen and (aq)

  4. Acids Without Oxyanions • If the acid does not contain oxygen and is a gas (g): • Name the acid as an ionic compound: • hydrogen followed by anion name HCl (g)hydrogen chloride “Hydrogen”= no oxygen and (g)

  5. Oxyanion Based Acids • If the acid contains oxygen, write the name of its anion. • Change the ending of the anion name: • “ite”  “ous acid” • “ate”  “ic acid” HClO4 perchlorateperchloricacid HClO2 chloritechlorousacid

  6. Oxyanion Based Acids • Naming acids derived from oxyanions of S and P: • H2SO4 : • oxyanion = sulfate • Sulfic acid Sulfuric acid • H3PO4 : • oxyanion = phosphate • Phosphic acid Phosphoricacid

  7. Naming Acids • To name an acid: • Does it have oxygen? • Yes • Write name of anion • Change “ate” to “ic acid” • Change “ite” to “ous acid” • If no oxygen, is it (aq)? • Yes • Start with hydro • Add the name of anion • Change “ide” to “ic acid”

  8. Naming Acids • If no oxygen, is it (g)? • Yes • Start with hydrogen • Add the name of the anion

  9. Naming Acids Example: Name the following acids. • HNO3 • HBr (aq) • H2S (g)

  10. Writing Formulas from Acid Names • Given the name of an acid, you should be able to write its formula: • First decide which category of acid it is: • No oxygen, (aq) (begins with “hydro”) • No oxygen, (g) (begins with “hydrogen”) • Oxyanion based • Write the formula for the anion (including charge). • Add enough H+ ions to make a neutral compound.

  11. Writing Formulas from Acid Names Example: Write the formula for: • Carbonic acid • Hydrogen iodide • Acetic acid • Hydrofluoric acid

  12. Naming Acids • You must know the names and formulas for the following acids: HF (aq) hydrofluoric acid HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid HBr (aq) hydrobromic acid HI (aq) hydroiodic acid HClO4 perchloric acid HClO3 chloric acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HNO3 nitric acid

  13. Naming Acids • You must know the names and formulas for the following acids: H3PO4 phosphoric acid HC2H3O2 acetic acid H2CO3 carbonic acid H2S (g) hydrogen sulfide HCN (g) hydrogen cyanide

  14. Binary Molecular Compounds • Binary molecular compound: compound composed of molecules with two different types of atoms • Remember: Many molecular compounds are composed strictly of non-metals. SO2 N2O4 H2O PCl5 P4O10 CO

  15. Binary Molecular Compounds • The names of binary molecular compounds give both the number and type of each atom present. • The first element is named using the name of the element. • The second element is named using the“ide”ending. • Greek prefixes are used to indicate the number of each type of element present. prefix element name prefix element name with ide ending

  16. Greek Prefixes Prefix Meaning mono 1 di 2 tri 3 tetra 4 penta 5 hexa 6 hepta 7 octa 8 nona 9 deca 10 You must know these!! P4S10 = tetraphosphorus decasulfide

  17. Binary Molecular Compounds • Special conventions for using Greek prefixes: • Mono is never used with the first element • The “a” or “o” in the prefix is dropped if the name of the element begins with a vowel. • CO: • carbon monooxide • carbon monoxide

  18. Binary Molecular Compounds Example: Name the following compounds. • N2O4 • PCl5 • Cl2O7 • SO3

  19. Binary Molecular Compounds Example: Write the formulas for the following compounds. • tetraphosphorus decoxide • xenon hexafluoride • disulfur dichloride

  20. Naming — Revisited • Before you can correctly name a compound or write its formula, YOU MUSTdetermine which type of compound it is: • Ionic starts with a metal or NH4 • Acid starts with H or Hn • Binary Molecular two non-metals • THEN use the appropriate naming system or method to write the formula.

  21. Common “Household” Chemicals • You are responsible for knowing the names and formulas for the chemical present in: • Water (H2O) • Ammonia (NH3) • Baking soda • sodium bicarbonate • NaHCO3 • Table salt • Sodium chloride • NaCl

  22. Common “Household” Chemicals • You are responsible for knowing the names and formulas for the chemical present in: • Bleach • Sodium hypochlorite • NaClO or NaOCl • Hydrogen peroxide • H2O2 • Natural gas • Methane • CH4 • Vinegar • Acetic acid • HC2H3O2

  23. Common “Household” Chemicals • You are responsible for knowing the names and formulas for the chemical present in: • Drinking alcohol • Ethanol • C2H5OH • Rubbing alcohol • Isopropyl alcohol • Nail polish remover • Acetone

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