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Exchange Server 2007 Basics

Chapter 1. Exchange Server 2007 Basics. CHAPTER OVERVIEW. WHAT IS THE EXCHANGE SERVER?. Exchange Server is a messaging and collaboration software product from Microsoft. Microsoft Exchange Server is a messaging software product that is used in many organizations today.

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Exchange Server 2007 Basics

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  1. Chapter 1 Exchange Server 2007 Basics

  2. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics CHAPTER OVERVIEW

  3. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics WHAT IS THE EXCHANGE SERVER? • Exchange Server is a messaging and collaboration software product from Microsoft. • Microsoft Exchange Server is a messaging software product that is used in many organizations today. • Although its main use is to provide email services, Exchange Server can also be used for collaboration such as scheduling and calendaring. • Exchange Server 2007 is the most comprehensive and feature-rich version of Exchange Server to date.

  4. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EMAIL • Email is used by nearly every organization as its main form of internal and external communication. • Electronic mail (email)consists of written messages that are sent between people on a computer or computer network.

  5. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics MAIL USER AGENT • For users who send email (called senders), email is typically created and sent using an email client program called a Mail User Agent (MUA) . • Common MUAs include: • Microsoft Outlook • Microsoft Outlook Express • Microsoft Entourage • Windows Mail • Eudora • Web browsers such as Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox (if connecting to web-based email systems like Gmail, Hotmail, and Yahoo Mail)

  6. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics MAIL TRANSFER AGENT • Once an email is written using an MUA and addressed to a target user (called a recipient ), it must be sent to an email server. • Common email servers include: • Microsoft Exchange • Lotus Domino • Novell GroupWise • Sendmail • Postfix • The email server contains a program called the Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) that decides where to send the email that it receives from the MUA.

  7. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics MAIL DELIVERY AGENT • If the email needs to be delivered to a recipient in another organization, then the MTA sends the email across the Internet to the target email server for the other organization • The target email server contains a program called a Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) that it uses to deliver the mail to the correct mailbox on the email server. • Recipients will then use their MUA to obtain the email from their mailbox.

  8. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics MAIL DELIVERY AGENT

  9. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics RETRIEVING EMAIL • If the email needs to be delivered to a user within the same organization, then the MTA sends the email to its own MDA, which it then uses to deliver the email to the correct mailbox for the recipient. • Recipients can then use their own MUA to retrieve the email

  10. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM • Domain Name System (DNS) provides us with an easy way around this problem. DNS has a hierarchical naming convention (also called a namespace) that starts with an imaginary root (referred to with a period “.”) and several top-level domain names that describe the type of organization. • The most common top-level domain names in DNS include: • com (commercial) • org (nonprofit organization) • net (an organization that maintains a network) • edu (educational institution) • gov (government) • abbr (a two-letter abbreviation for the country; for example us refers to the United States and ca refers to Canada)

  11. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM • A DNS name also contains a second-level domain name that refers to the actual name of the organization. • For example, microsoft.com is the commercial organization called Microsoft. • Under the second-level domain can be other subdomain names or the names of individual computer hosts. • Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) because they contain the name of the host computer.

  12. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics A (HOST) RECORDS • Translates from host name to IP address.

  13. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics MAIL EXCHANGE RECORDS • Indicate the email server for a particular domain to which email should be forwarded. • Because there may be more than one email server in a particular organization, domains may have more than one MX record. • Each MX record is given a priority number when created. • The lower the priority number, the greater the chance that it will be a target for email. • Consider the following MX records for the microsoft.com domain: microsoft.com MX mailA.microsoft.com priority=10 microsoft.com MX mailB.microsoft.com priority=20 microsoft.com MX mailC.microsoft.com priority=30 • The MTA tries to contact the email server with the lowest priority number first (mailA.microsoft.com).

  14. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics SMART HOST • An email server that receives inbound email and simply forwards it to another email server within the organization. • Smart hosts often have antivirus and spam-filtering software that stops malicious and unsolicited email from entering the company.

  15. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics NSLOOKUP COMMAND

  16. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EMAIL MESSAGES • When you type an email into an MUA, the text itself is: • Either left unformatted (called plain text ) • or formatted using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) or Rich Text Format (RTF) to allow different font, colors, and pictures.

  17. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics PROTOCOLS TO OBTAIN EMAILS • The POP3 and IMAP4 protocols are very similar and designed for obtaining emails from the mailbox on an email server. • By default, POP3 downloads and erases the email from the mailbox on the email server • IMAP4 allows you to view emails while leaving a copy in the mailbox on the email server.

  18. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics PROTOCOLS USED TO SEND EMAILS • The SMTP and ESMTP protocols were specifically designed to send emails. • SMTP/ESMTP uses Port 25 by default. • ESMTP is an improved version of SMTP that has greater support for embedded graphics and attachments in emails and is the most common form of SMTP used today between email servers. • To see which version of SMTP your email server accepts, you can use the telnet.exe program from a client computer to connect to the email server on the SMTP/ESMTP port: telnet IP_address 25 • If the email server accepts the EHLO command in your telnet session, it supports ESMTP. • If the email server accepts the HELO command in your telnet session, it only supports SMTP.

  19. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics HTTP PROTOCOL • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is typically used if the email server hosts a Web site that allows you to view and compose emails using your web browser or email client program. • Microsoft Outlook Web Access (OWA) comes with Exchange Server 2007 and may be used with Internet Information Services (IIS) to provide a way for users to connect remotely using a web browser to check and send email.

  20. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics MICROSOFT OUTLOOK WEB ACCESS (OWA)

  21. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics RPC AND MAPI • Remote procedure call (RPC) is an Inter-process communication technology that allows a computer program to cause a subroutine or procedure to execute in another address space (commonly on another computer on a shared network) without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this remote interaction. • Outlook and Entourage clients can use RPCs alongside the Microsoft Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI) component of Windows to take advantage of all the features available in Exchange Server. • Only MAPI clients can take full advantage of all the features in Exchange Server.

  22. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics OUTLOOK ANYWHERE • Outlook 2003 and later clients can use RPC over HTTP to connect to a remote Microsoft Exchange server. • RPCs are encapsulated in HTTP packets in Outlook before they are sent across the Internet to an RPC over HTTP proxy, which removes the encapsulation and forwards the RPCs to the Microsoft Exchange server. • In Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, RPC over HTTP is called Outlook Anywhere .

  23. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics ACTIVESYNC • ActiveSync is a protocol based on HTTP and XML that can be used by some browser-enabled cellular telephones (called smart phones) to access emails from a Microsoft Exchange server. • Any smart phone running the Windows Mobile operating system can use the ActiveSync protocol.

  24. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 5.5 • Starting with Exchange 5.5, Exchange supports x.400, x.500 and public folders. • X.400 defines the rules for sending email today. • X.500 defines the structure and use of directory services such as Novell eDirectory and Microsoft Active Directory (AD). • Public folders are storage areas on the email server that could be used to store email and other types of message data such as newsgroup postings for easy organization and sharing among email recipients.

  25. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2000 • Added better clustering • Support, larger email database sizes, and the ability to combine email databases into storage groups for better database management. • Required the Microsoft Active Directory service.

  26. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2003 • Added support for disaster recovery using the recovery storage group (RSG), ActiveSync and spam filtering. • Exchange Server 2003 could be installed only on 32-bit versions of Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003.

  27. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 • Although you can download a trial 32-bit (x86) version of Exchange Server 2007 for testing purposes, the commercial version only runs on 64-bit (x86-64) computers with a 64-bit version of Windows Server 2003. • If you want to install Exchange Server 2007 on a 64-bit version of Windows Server 2008, you must install Exchange Server 2007 Service Pack 1 (SP1) or greater.

  28. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 • Enhanced Performance • It can take advantage of more than 4 GB of physical RAM • Exchange Server 2007 is limited to 5 databases and storage groups on a single server for Standard edition and 50 databases and storage groups on a single server for Enterprise edition. • Databases also have a faster structure in Exchange Server 2007 than in previous versions of Exchange Server.

  29. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 • Unlimited database size • Fax and voice mail integration using Unified Messaging (UM). • Similarly, you can use Outlook Voice Access (OVA) to access your mailbox from a telephone.

  30. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 • Improved Management Tools • The new Exchange Management Console (EMC) in Exchange Server 2007 uses the new and more intuitive Microsoft Management Console (MMC) version 3.0 interface. • Management Shell (EMS) is a snap-in for the Windows PowerShell scripting language. • The Exchange Management Console has almost 400 Exchange-specific commands called cmdlets that may be used to configure and manage Exchange Server 2007.

  31. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT CONSOLE

  32. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE MANAGEMENET SHELL

  33. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 • Faster email relay • Enhanced email protection • Managed folder support • Better user experience

  34. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 • Improved clustering support • Active/Passive mode - One of the Exchange servers (the active node) was active and in use on the network, while the other node (the passive node) was only used if the active node became unavailable (a process called failover ). • You can configure Exchange Server 2007 to replicate its email data continuously to another Exchange server on a local or remote network. • Cluster Continuous Replication (CCR) requires that the target Exchange Server be installed in the same cluster • Standby Continuous Replication (SCR) does not require the target to be installed in the same cluster because each Exchange server maintains its own storage.

  35. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 ROLES • In smaller organizations, a single server can be configured with several server roles. • However, in larger organizations, you can spread different server roles across multiple email servers to enhance email security and speed up email relay. • The roles are: • Client Access Server (CAS) • Mailbox • Hub Transport (Hub) • Edge Transport (Edge) • Unified Messaging (UM) • A single Exchange server can run all of the server roles simultaneously with the exception of the Edge role, which must run on its own Exchange server

  36. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EXCHANGE SERVER 2007 ROLES

  37. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics CLIENT ACCESS SERVER (CAS) ROLE • Allows email clients access to their mailboxes using OWA (HTTP/HTTPS), POP3, IMAP4, Outlook Anywhere (RPC over HTTP/HTTPS), ActiveSync, and MAPI (RPC).

  38. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics MAILBOX ROLE • Responsible for hosting and providing access to the databases that contain mailboxes and public folders.

  39. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics HUB TRANSPORT (HUB) ROLE • Handles all email relay within the organization and is functionally equivalent to the MTA and MDA in a generic email system. • Integrated with the Active Directory service and uses Exchange Server 2007 configuration stored in Active Directory to direct and restrict email flow.

  40. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EDGE TRANSPORT (EDGE) ROLE • Functionally equivalent to the smart host role in a generic email. • It offers antivirus and antispam protection to provide extra security at the edge or perimeter of your network. • For added security, the Edge role cannot directly access Active Directory. • Instead, only the information from Active Directory that is used to filter emails is sent from Hub servers to Edge servers via a special protocol called EdgeSync. • Edge Transport is usually located on the perimeter network or DMZ. • Edge Transport is optional. • Can be handled by other devices such as a Barracuda box

  41. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics EDGE TRANSPORT (EDGE) ROLE

  42. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics UNIFIED MESSAGING (UM) ROLE • Allows users to access email, voice mail, and fax messages from a MAPI client, OWA, smart phone, or telephone. • UM is optional

  43. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics TS: EXCHANGE SERVER 2007, CONFIGURING (70-236) EXAM • For more information about the TS: Exchange Server 2007, Configuring (70-236) Exam, visit the following website: http://www.microsoft.com/learning/en/us/exams/70-236.mspx

  44. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics CHAPTER SUMMARY • Email is composed using an MUA on an email client and relayed to the recipients mailbox using MTAs and MDAs on email servers. • For email to be routed across the Internet, MX records must exist in DNS to locate destination email servers that host mailboxes for recipients. • Email clients and servers communicate using email protocols such as SMTP/ESMTP, IMAP4, POP3, HTTP, RPC, and ActiveSync. Different protocols are used to perform different parts of the email relay process.

  45. Chapter 1: Exchange Server 2007 Basics CHAPTER SUMMARY • There were three widely used versions of Exchange Server before Exchange Server 2007: Exchange Server 5.5, Exchange Server 2000, and Exchange Server 2003. Each version has different features and support. • Exchange Server 2007 offers better performance, additional security, enhanced tools, and more features than previous versions of Exchange Server. • To enhance deployment and scalability, Exchange Server 2007 uses five server roles to define the services that are available on a particular Exchange server: CAS, Mailbox, Hub, Edge, and UM.

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