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Biomes

Biomes. Communities. Communities are made up of interacting populations in a certain area at a certain time. Limiting Factors. Limiting Factor: any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms

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Biomes

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  1. Biomes

  2. Communities • Communities are made up of interacting populations in a certain area at a certain time.

  3. Limiting Factors • Limiting Factor: any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms • Examples of limiting factors include: sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, soil, space, other organisms, etc…

  4. Tolerance • Tolerance: the ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic and abiotic environmental factors

  5. Succession • Succession: generally predictable and orderly changes in composition or structure that occur within an ecosystem over a period of time • Primary • Secondary

  6. Primary Succession • Primary succession: takes place on land, where there are no living organisms • Pioneer species: the first species to take hold in an area • Climax Community: stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species • Can last for hundreds of years!!

  7. Secondary Succession • Secondary succession: sequence of changes that takes place after an existing community is severely disrupted in some way (natural disaster, forest fire, etc…) • Occurs in areas that previously contained life, and on land that still contains soil

  8. Aquatic Biomes • Oceans, lakes, streams, ponds, or other bodies of water • 3 Types: • Marine • Freshwater • Mixed Water

  9. Marine • Saltwater aquatic biomes • Oceans, inland seas • Contain Photic Zones • Plankton • Contain Aphotic Zones

  10. Freshwater • Aquatic biomes (no salinity!) • Inland lakes, ponds, rivers, streams • Warmer, shallower water contains life • Deeper, cooler water is limiting factor

  11. Mixed Water • Aquatic biomes characterized by a mixture of fresh and salt water • Estuaries: coastal body of water where fresh and saltwater meet • Levels of salinity can vary • Controlled by tides, generating intertidal zones

  12. Terrestrial Biomes • Biomes of the earth • 6 that we will be concerned with:

  13. Tundra • One of two biomes circling the North Pole • Shallow layer of topsoil  supports small variety of life • Permafrost – layer of permanently frozen ground • Populated by organisms with long life spans • Resistant to draught and cold

  14. Taiga (a.k.a. Boreal) • One of two biomes circling the North Pole • Acidic soil, poor in nutrients; small variety of life • Warmer than tundra, conditions still extreme

  15. Grasslands • large communities covered with rich soil, grasses, and similar plants • Exist in regions with “dry seasons” that cannot support trees • Rich biodiversity • Also referred to as prairies, steppes, savannas, or pampas

  16. Desert • Arid region with sparse to nonexistent plant life • Usually less than 25 cm of rain annually • Extreme temperatures (hot days and cold nights) • Typically bounded on one side by mountains

  17. Temperate Forest • characterized by broad-leaved hardwood trees that lose foliage annually

  18. Rain Forest • warm temperatures, wet weather, lush plant growth, located near equator • Average temperature is 25 degrees Celsius • Receive more than 200 cm of rain annually • INCREDIBLE biodiversity

  19. Rainforest Cont’d • Canopy • Trees exposed to rain, sunlight and strong winds; 25-45 meters in the air • Understory • Air is still, humid and dark; rich in vines, foliage and epiphytes • Ground Level • Moist, rich in nutrients • Rainforests contain the most BIOMASS of any BIOME in the WORLD!!

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