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Chapter 27, Section 1: The Gathering Storm

Chapter 27, Section 1: The Gathering Storm. Main Idea: In the 1930s, as dictators elsewhere embarked on a path of aggression, the United States tried to stay out of the conflict. A. Depression Diplomacy.

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Chapter 27, Section 1: The Gathering Storm

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  1. Chapter 27, Section 1:The Gathering Storm Main Idea: In the 1930s, as dictators elsewhere embarked on a path of aggression, the United States tried to stay out of the conflict.

  2. A. Depression Diplomacy • Neutrality - Congress passed laws in the 1930s to keep U.S. out of a war. The Neutrality Acts banned arms sales or loans to warring nations and warned Americans not to travel on ships of countries at war. • Latin America - The Good Neighbor Policy tried to improve relations

  3. B. Fascists in Italy • Benito Mussolini (“Il Duce”) was the Fascist dictator (ruler w/ absolute power) of Italy between the wars. He promised to return Italy to glory (Roman Empire). • Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 (Goliath v. David) Ethiopia received no help from LoN (Brit & France too busy w/Depression, didn’t want another war) *appeasement*

  4. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

  5. C. Rise of Nazi Germany • Adolph Hitler led the Nazi Party in Germany. He used German resentment of the Tr. of Versailles & the Gr. Depression to win the German people over. • Emphasized anti-Semitism (hatred of Jews) & start to take away their rights (will lead to the Holocaust.) • The Nazis turned Germany’s govt. into a dictatorship, where they controlled most things • Hitler repeatedly violates the Tr. o Ver., but ignores League of Nation’s weak warnings *appeasement*

  6. The Great Depression The Versailles Treaty The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory German soldiers are dissatisfied.

  7. D. A Dictator in the Soviet Union • Joseph Stalin took over USSR when Lenin died in 1924. (Remember WWI-Bolsheviks) • He tried to modernize with 5-year plans & collective farms. Those who resisted were imprisoned or executed.

  8. E. Military Rulers in Japan • Japanese military leaders took over during the Depression and invaded other parts of Asia for raw materials to industrialize. • Manchuria (in China) was invaded and renamed Manchukuo by the Japanese. The LoN did little to help China *appeasement* • Japan waged war against China in 1937. U.S. felt it violated the Open Door Pol., but wasn’t willing to do anything (isolationists)

  9. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931 The Japanese Invasionof China, 1937

  10. F. War in Europe • Hitler built up Germany’s military in 30’s • He moved troops into the Rhineland in 1936 • He annexed Austria - 1938 • He claimed Sudetenland of Czech in38 and assured GB & Fr. at the Munich Conf. that he was done • All of these were violations of the Treaty of Versailles from WWI (1919), but Britain and France gave in to Hitler each time, hoping to keep the peace (appeasement)

  11. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations • No control of major conflicts. • No progress in disarmament. • No effective military force.

  12. Germany Invades the RhinelandMarch 7, 1936 The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

  13. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 The “Problem” of theSudetenland British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with.

  14. F. Continued • In hindsight, appeasement was a bad idea. Hitler got bolder and more powerful with each move. (He takes rest of Czech later) • Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939) - Hitler & Stalin agree not to attack each other & secretly divide up Poland • With the assurance that Stalin would not interfere, Hitler invades Poland on 9/1/39. Britain and France finally declare war on Germany, officially starting WWII.

  15. The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939 Poland Attacked: Sept. 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg [“Lightening War”]

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