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CHINA. Unit 7. The Tang Dynasty. Li Yuan Emperor Tang Taizong Policies. Li Yuan. Tang Taizong. Class Struggle During the Tang Dynasty. Class distinctions Disagreements within the ruling class. Tang Government After the Rebellion. Power of regional administrators
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CHINA Unit 7
The Tang Dynasty • Li Yuan • Emperor Tang Taizong • Policies Li Yuan Tang Taizong
Class Struggle During the Tang Dynasty • Class distinctions • Disagreements within the ruling class
Tang Government After the Rebellion • Power of regional administrators • Power of court eunuchs • New legal code and administrative procedures • Backlash against some foreign ideas A Tang-era Emperor
The Bureaucracy of Merit • Competitive exams • Altered the class of people receiving governmental positions • Conflicts between the new and established officials • “Rule of Avoidance” Taking exams in the presence of the emperor
Chang’an’s Splendor • Cosmopolitan city • City design demonstrated planning and grandeur • The market • Culture and pastimes • Architecture Polo, a game from Persia, was a favorite sport in Chang’an
Tang Innovations • Printing • Papermaking • Shipbuilding • A variety of other Chinese inventions Papermaking
Foreign Interaction • Reestablishment of tributary relationships • Contact with southwest Asia • Changes in clothing • New pastimes • Diffusion of crops and foodstuffs • Increasing trade, including silk Woodcut of a woman winding silk
The Great Peasant Uprising • Land scramble • Displaced many peasants • Taxes on peasants • Peasant revolts in 860 and 874 Depiction of a Chinese peasant revolt
Growing Weakness in the Tang • Moved south • Weakened imperial economy • Weakened bureaucracy • Decreased position of peasants Weakened agriculture in the north forced many people to emigrate south
Collapse of the Tang Dynasty • An Lushan Rebellion • Ineffective control over military and court officials • Series of rebellions • Usurpation of Tang power in 907 • The Ten Kingdoms Mounted Khitan noble dressed in Chinese silk
The Song Dynasty • 960–1279 • Unification • Prosperity Emperor Taizu
Reestablishment of Central Control under the Song • Economic recovery • Established capital at Kaifeng • Population increased • Cities recovered Scene from the capital city of Kaifeng
Governmental Development of the Song • Recovery of power • Rebuilt the scholar-gentry • Emperor appointed new regional leaders Scholar-philosopher Ouyang Xiu
Age of the Civil Government • The best and most educated • Levels of advancement in the exam system • Officials were regularly evaluated for performance • Good government and stability Exam Hall at Nanjing
The Song and the Economy • Improved economy • Expansion • Control over revenues • Industry A Chinese coin
The Economy and Foreign Contact • Korea as tributary state • Trade increased Cultivation and processing of tea
Trade and the Song • Sea routes to southeast Asia and India • Ports • Navigational technology • Agriculture • Foreign and regional trade Silk was a highly traded commodity in the southern Song
The Song Economy • Urban centers • Government revenues • Wealthier than north • Problems Marketplaces were popular in Hangzhou, the southern Song capital
Social Structure • Merchants and artisans became a new class • Women’s status worsened • Laws • Education Women were considered a subordinate class in Song society
Footbinding • Used in the Song Dynasty by the upper classes to indicate status • Not a widespread practice An X-ray of feet exposed to massive footbinding
Song Technological Innovations • Neo-Confucianism sparked an interest in science • Agriculture, manufacturing, transportation advances • Mathematics and timekeeping Zhu Xi, founder of Neo-Confucianism
Military Advances • Produced strong steel weapons • Use of iron • Created body armor • Began to use projectiles and gunpowder The Chinese used projectiles to counter tribal cavalries
Collapse of the Song • Mongols: strong cavalry • Defeated the Jin in 1234 • Defeated the Song and established the Yuan Dynasty in 1279 Mongol horsemen hunting with Kublai Khan
China, the Mongols, and Beyond • Medieval period ended with collapse of the Song • Ming restoration • Impact of developments in medieval China Genghis Khan, Mongol leader and conqueror