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Minor Bodies of the Solar System

Minor Bodies of the Solar System. Moons, Asteroids, Comets, Meteoroids Chapter 28. Satellite : A body that orbits another body (can be natural or artificial) -6 planets have smaller bodies that orbit them These natural satellites are called moons. Our Moon. Moon has 3 layers Crust

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Minor Bodies of the Solar System

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  1. Minor Bodies of the Solar System Moons, Asteroids, Comets, Meteoroids Chapter 28

  2. Satellite: A body that orbits another body (can be natural or artificial) -6 planets have smaller bodies that orbit them These natural satellites are called moons

  3. Our Moon • Moon has 3 layers • Crust • Covered in dark spots called mare(MAHR ay) • Many craters: bowl shaped depressions from debris impact • Regolith: layer of dust and rock • Lunar rocks- similar to rocks on earth • One side always faces away from earth (near-side, far-side) • Pull of earths gravity makes far-side thicker

  4. Our Moon • Mantle • Rock that is rich in silica, magnesium, and iron • Core • Small, made of iron • Neither completely solid nor completely liquid

  5. Formation of the Moon • Giant Impact Hypothesis • Mars sized body struck earth • Collision ejected chunks of earths mantle into orbit around earth to form Moon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dw_Y_gujBwU

  6. Meteorite Bombardment • As Moon cooled it was struck with debris from formation of solar system • This produced craters and regolith

  7. Phases of the Moon

  8. Phases of the Moon

  9. Movement of the moon • Moon orbits earth in an ellipse • Closest to Earth at Perigee • Furthest from Earth at Apogee • Average distance from Earth is 384,000 km • Moons orbital period is 27.3 days (new moon to new moon) • Moons rotation is same as period • We always see same side of moon

  10. Eclipses Eclipse: Where one celestial body passes through the shadow of another. • Solar Eclipse: When moon is directly between the sun and the earth. Shadow of moon is on earth • Umbra-directly in line • (total eclipse) Prenumbra- not directly in line, surrounds umbra (partial eclipse)

  11. Eclipses • Lunar Eclipse: When earth is between the moon and the sun. Shadow of Earth is on moon

  12. Moon and Tides • Tidal Bulges from Moon’s gravitational pull on earth • Regular rhythm because of earths rotation

  13. Asteroids Fragments of rock that orbit the sun • Sometimes called minor planets or planetoids. • Small rocky bodies floating between Mars and Jupiter • Possible extra planet that didn’t totally form Four types of orbits: • asteroid belt • Apollo asteroids(cross Earth’s orbit)  close encounters! • Amor asteroids (cross Mar’s orbit) • Trojan asteroids (inside the orbit of Jupiter).

  14. Comets A small body of ice, rock, and cosmic dust that follow highly elliptical orbits around the sun • Has a core and a tail • Halley’s Comet passes earth every 76 years. Last in 1986. Next in 2061 • Hale-Bopp passes every 5-10 years.

  15. Hale-Bopp 1997

  16. Meteoroids • Less than 200-300 km in diameter • Most are less that 1mm • Chunks of rock & iron smaller than asteroids orbiting the Sun. • Sizes range from grains to 100 meters across.

  17. Meteor: Streak of light when a meteoroid enters the Earth's atmosphere and burns up. Most are tiny grains.

  18. Meteorite: Any remnant that reaches the ground intact. Meteor Crater, AZ Results of Tunguska Blast, Russia

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