Selective removal of CO2 from a contaminated gas stream

1. United Arab Emirates University College of Engineering Selective removal of CO2 from a contaminated gas stream Graduation Project (I) Saber Mohammed AL-Ammari 199900156 Bassam Mohammed AL-Hedhani 199900146 Faris AbuBaker AL-Ameri 980711333

2. List of Content • Introduction • Background Theory • Proposed Solution. • Conclusion

3. Introduction • The contaminant gases are comes with the natural gas stream. • Needs to remove because of some disadvantages

4. Background Theory • Due to the importance of CO2 gas in the global warming, CO2 removal has an important factor in industry. • After CO2 removal it will store or will be used in other applications.

5. There are different places that CO2 can be stored such as: • The oceans • Deep saline reservoir (aquifers) • Depleted oil and gas reservoirs • A solid on land

7. A large number of ideas have been considered for utilization of CO2, including: • As a feedstock for manufacture of chemical products • For enhancement of the production of crude oil • In growth of plants or algae (for use as a bio-fuel)

8. The Need For CO2 Removal • CO2 is highly corrosive and rapidly destroys pipelines and equipment. • Reduces the heating value of a natural gas stream and wastes pipeline capacity. • CO2 must be removed in LNG plant, to prevent freezing in the low-temperature chillers.

9. Adsorption • Adsorption is a process that uses special solids (called adsorbents) to remove substances from either gaseous or liquid mixtures • Adsorption phenomena are used most acid gas separation systems • adsorption operations use solids such as activated carbon and synthetic resins widely in industrial applications for purification.

10. Process Description

11. Absorption • Gas absorption is an operation in which a gas mixture becomes in contact with a liquid for the purposes of dissolving one or more components of the gas into the liquid. • Absorption in a liquid is common and a widely used process in the industry for CO2 removal. • Absorption conducted in packed columns or in trayed towers.

12. Packed or Trayed column

13. Process Description

14. Amine treating • Amine treating is a proven technology that removes CO2 from gas and liquid streams through absorption. • Amines used in industry: • MEA – Monoethanolamine • DGA - Diglycolamine • DEA - Diethanolamine • MDEA - Methyldiethanolamine

15. Membrane Technology • Membrane is as a barrier, which separates two phases and restricts transport of various chemicals in a selective manner. • Transport through a membrane can be affected by convection or by diffusion of individual molecules, induced by an electric field or concentration, pressure, temperature gradient or the reaction.

16. Design of the membrane • Design of such membrane system begins with the membrane unit itself. Several design criteria for such membrane considered: • High surface area to membrane volume • Counter-current flow to keep the greatest partial pressure difference across the membranes

17. Advantages of Membranes • Low capital cost • Low operating cost • Deferred capital investment • Operational simplicity and high reliability • Good weight and space efficiency • Environmentally friendly • Design efficiency

18. Hollow Fiber Membrane • Hollow fiber membranes have usually a diameter of about 0.5 mm, and a surface area of over 5000 m2 per cubic meter • This is the most compact type membrane currently in use

19. Asymmetric membranes.

20. Facilitated Transported Membrane These types of membranes allow transport of different molecules through the membrane based on the rate of solubility into the membrane material and diffusion through it.

21. Membrane Contactors

23. Proposal for a graduation project

24. Conclusion • Membrane is the best choice. • Important criteria, such as critical entry pressure, critical surface tension of the membrane and contact angle were reviewed.