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WWI & Impact on the Homefront

WWI & Impact on the Homefront. Encouraged to enter industry and agriculture to replace laborers fighting in War Over 1 mil. Women worked in the industry (munitions plants, delivered messages, ran elevators) Volunteers (Ex: Red Cross)

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WWI & Impact on the Homefront

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  1. WWI & Impact on the Homefront

  2. Encouraged to enter industry and agriculture to replace laborers fighting in War Over 1 mil. Women worked in the industry (munitions plants, delivered messages, ran elevators) Volunteers (Ex: Red Cross) After the War, Wilson endorsed women suffrage as a “vitally necessary war measure” which led to 19th Amendment Women

  3. Great Migration from 1915 to 1930 (especially during WWI • Led to race riots • Most AA lived in Ghettos & pay higher rents • W.E.B Dubois: supported the war effort as a victory that would improve life for blacks in democracy • Also part of the Draft (however, excluded in Navy & Marines • Most were assigned to noncombat duties African Americans Jacob Lawrence

  4. 369THiNFANTRY

  5. Especially anti-German & Austria-Hungary • Many people with German-sounding names lost their jobs • Orchestras refused to play Mozart, Bach, Beethoven… • Schools stopped teaching German language • Some lynching occurred • Names of Cities and other German-inspired words changed • Ex: Dachshunds = liberty pups • Sauerkraut = Liberty cabbage • German measles = Liberty measles Anti Immigrant Hysteria

  6. Fall 1918 into 1919 25% of US population Led to shut down of mines, telephone services, factories And coffin shortages 500,000 Americans died (40 mil. Worldwide) Flu Epidemic

  7. Espionage Act of 1917 • Provided fines & Imprisonments for persons making false statements aiding the enemy, obstructing sale of bonds, inciting rebellion in the military , or obstructing draft recruitment • Sedition Act of 1918 • Forbade any criticism of the govt, flag, or uniform • Cannot say anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the govt. • Espionage & Sedition Act • Targeted socialists & labor leaders • Resulted in over 6,000 arrests and 1,900 prosecutions • Eugene Debs received 10 yr. sentence for discussing economic causes of the war (pardoned by Harding) Restrictions on Civil Liberties

  8. Abrams v. U.S. (1919): TESTED CONSTITUIONALITY OF SEDITION ACT • This U.S. Supreme Court decision upheld the constitutionality of the Sedition Act (1918) which made it a crime to speak disloyally of the U.S. government or interfere with the war effort. • Schenck v. U.S. (1919): TESTED CONST. OF ESPIONAGE ACT • Under the Espionage Act of 1917 persons who interfered with the war effort by making speeches or writing articles encouraging violating of draft laws were subject to imprisonment. • Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. sustained the constitutionality of the Espionage Act on the grounds that freedom of speech and press may be limited when there is a “clear and present danger” to the nation. IMPORTANT Supreme COURT DECISIONS

  9. http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/ww1posters/4963 http://exhibitions.nypl.org/africanaage/essay-world-war-i.html

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