World War I -- America on the Homefront: "The Poster War"

1. World War I -- America on the Homefront: "The Poster War"

2. War Mobilization

3. 1. Enlistment

4. Uncle Sam—He the Man! 1.

5. Don’t Mess with the U. S. 2.

6. “Huns Kill Women and Children!” 3

7. 1917 – Selective Service Act Authorized a draft of young men into military service By end of 1918 – 24,000,000 men registered for the draft. 4,800,000 men served in WW1 (2,000,000 saw active combat). African-Americans - 400,000 served in segregated units.

8. 2. Expansion of the Federal Government

9. Managing the Economy • War Industries Board – • Bernard Baruch • Oversaw entire war effort – in charge of the many gov’t administrations that regulated different parts of the economy • Controlled prices, production, and materials • Food Administration – • Herbert Hoover • Regulated food consumption, agricultural output, reduce waste • Fuel Administration – • Gasless days, daylight savings time

10. Managing the Economy (cont’d) • National War Labor Board – • W.H.Taft & Frank P. Walsh • Mediated labor disputes to prevent work stoppages • War Trade Board – • Licensed foreign trade and punished those suspected of trading w/ the enemy • Why would both of these things be important to the war effort?

11. Financing the War • Increased Taxes • Liberty Bonds – • Bonds purchased could be redeemed later for the money paid plus interest • Related to Propaganda effort

12. U. S. Food Administration 4

13. U. S. Food Administration 5

14. U. S. Food Administration 6

15. National War Garden Commission 7

16. U. S. School Garden Army 8

17. U. S. Shipping Board 9

18. U. S. Fuel Administration 10

19. U. S. Fuel Administration 11

20. Wartime Propaganda

21. Committee of Public Information (George Creel) • Purposes – • Unite public behind war effort • Attract men to enlist in army • Influence citizens to actively support war effort (buy bonds, conserve, etc) and put pressure on others to refrain from anything considered anti-war

22. “Remember Belgium” 12

23. The “Mad Brute” 13

24. Beat Back the “Hun” 14

25. The “Menace of the Seas” 15

26. Attacks on Civil Liberties

27. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans • Espionage Act– 1917 • Forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or efforts to promote insubordination in the military. • Ordered the Postmaster General to remove Leftist materials from the mail. • Fines of up to $10,000 and/or up to 20 years in prison.

28. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans 2.Sedition Act– 1918- it was a crime to speak against the purchase of war bonds or willfully utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive languageabout this form of US Govt., the US Constitution, or the US armed forces or to willfully urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production of things necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war…with intent of such curtailment to cripple or hinder, the US in the prosecution of the war.

29. New Social/Economic Opportunities

30. 1. Women

31. YWCA – The Blue Triangle 16

32. Munitions Work 17

33. The Girls They Left Behind Do Their Bit! 18

34. Women Used In Recruitment 18 Hello, Big Boy!

35. Even Grandma Buys Liberty Bonds 19

36. The Red Cross - Greatest Mother in the World 20

37. The Red Cross Nurse 21

38. National League for Woman’s Service 22

39. 2. African-Americans

40. Opportunities for African-Americans in WW1 • War industries work • “Great Migration.” 1916 – 1919  NORTH • Enlistment in segregated units.

41. True Sons of Freedom 23

42. For “Colored” Men in Service 24

43. African-Americans on a Troop Ship Headed for France 25

44. 3. New American Immigrants

45. The “Flag of Liberty” Represents All of Us! 26

46. We are ALL Americans! 27

47. OVER THERE!WWI Anthem