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Feudalism & Manorial System

Feudalism & Manorial System. I. Invaders Attack W. Euro. 800-1000: invasions helped destroy Carolingian Emp. Muslims Magyar Vikings. A. The Vikings. From Scandinavia “Northman” or the “Norse” (Germanic) Farmers, fishermen, hunters, traders, & explorers

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Feudalism & Manorial System

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  1. Feudalism & Manorial System

  2. I. Invaders Attack W. Euro. • 800-1000: invasions helped destroy Carolingian Emp. • Muslims • Magyar • Vikings

  3. A. The Vikings • From Scandinavia • “Northman” or the “Norse” (Germanic) • Farmers, fishermen, hunters, traders, & explorers • “a-Viking” we will go! (summer months) • 800s = food shortage in Scan.

  4. Viking ships • Sailed across Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, & N. Amer. (Leif Ericson) • Also, England, Ireland, & Fr. • Normandy • Traded w/strong, pillaged weak • Enjoyed battle (large axes, swords, & wooden shields)

  5. Followed pagan beliefs • 1000: Vikings faded • Gradually accepted Christianity • Euro. climate warmed…ag. improved

  6. B. Magyars & Muslims Attack • Magyars: nomads from east (late 800s) • Tactics similar to Huns • Become the “Hungarians” • Overran Italy, reached Rhineland & Burgundy • Did not settle conquered land, only took slaves • Settled in what is now Hungary

  7. Muslims: attacked from south (Italy & Spain) • Terrorized Med. coast—took Sicily, Sardinia, & Corsica • Invasions = disorder & suffering • Euros. were in constant danger • Turned to local rulers for security

  8. II. Feudalism • Govt. disappeared after Char’s. death 814 • Continent of small, independent local govts. • Feudalism: kings granted land to other nobles in return for loyalty & military assistance • Kings = gave grants of land (fief) to nobles • Lord = person who granted land • Vassal = person who received land • Fief = grant of land, contract betw. lord & vassal

  9. A. Feudal Pyramid • Hierarchical Pyramid • King • Vassals (nobles & bishops) • Knights (defended lord’s land) • Peasants (landless)

  10. B. Social Classes • Three groups: • 1. those who fought • 2. those who prayed • 3. those who worked • Vast majority of pop. • Serfs (bound to place of birth)

  11. Majority of pop. = peasants (serfs) • Could not leave the land w/out the lord’s permission • Church = part of the feudal system • 900s: owned vast amounts of land • granted some as fiefs to nobles for military protection

  12. C. Feudal Relationships • Three facts: • 1. it was an honorable relationship betw. equals • 2. same man could be both vassal & lord • 3. the relationship was a personal one

  13. D. Obligations of Feudalism • Vassals had more obligations than the lord • Provide lord w/cavalry & infantry • Had to cover extraordinary expenses • Served on the lord’s court

  14. E. Feudal Justice • Court trials were decided: • 1. trial by battle (duel) • 2. compurgation (oath taking) • 3. trial by ordeal

  15. F. Warfare • Fights betw. feudal lords or betw. lords & vassals • Knights: • Iron helmet, shirt of chain mail, sword, shield, lance • Later, metal plates replaced chain mail (Why?) *For nobles, war = opps. for glory & wealth!

  16. III. The Manorial System • Feudalism = govt. & military system • Manorial System = economic structure • Large estate

  17. Manor = lord’s estate • Lord gave serfs housing, farmland, & protection • Serfs tended land, animals, & performed maintenance • Peasant women shared farmwork • No central authority or trade existed • Manors were self-sufficient

  18. Lord & peasants shared land • Lord = 1/3 of land (demesne) • Peasants = 2/3 of land • Usually located on a stream for its mill • Covered a few square miles • Had lord’s house, church, & workshops • Cultivated land was divided into 3 large fields • 2 of 3 planted each year (1 lied fallow)

  19. A. Peasant Life • peasants = serfs • Some free people rented land • Skilled workers (millers, blacksmiths, carpenters) • Priests • Life on manor = very hard • Meager diet • Rarely ate meat • Life expectancy = 30 years (disease, starvation, war)

  20. B. The Life of Nobility • Nobles did not lead luxurious lives • Castle • Fortified home of lord • Served as base from which to protect the surrounding countryside • Early castles = relatively simple built of wood & earth • Later = stone • Located in hills or easily defendable areas (had moats)

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