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CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception. Jiajia Liu School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, CHINA Fax: 029-8820-4730 Tel : 029-8820-4730 http://web.xidian.edu.cn/jjliu/en/index.html.

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CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

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  1. CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception Jiajia Liu School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University No. 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, CHINA Fax: 029-8820-4730 Tel: 029-8820-4730 http://web.xidian.edu.cn/jjliu/en/index.html CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  2. COORDINATES • Dr. Jiajia LiuProfessor (Since 2012)Room I-311, the main building • Phone: 029-8820-4730, Fax: 029-8820-4730 • E-mail: liujiajia@xidian.edu.cn • URL: http://web.xidian.edu.cn/jjliu/en/index.html CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  3. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION and APPLICATIONS • BASIC ANATOMY OF A SENSOR (HARDWARE & SOFTWARE) • FACTORS INFLUENCING WSN DESIGN • PHYSICAL LAYER • MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL • ERROR CONTROL and PACKET SIZE • NETWORK LAYER • TRANSPORT LAYER • APPLICATION LAYER • CROSS LAYER DESIGN • TIME SYNCHRONIZATION • LOCALIZATION • ACTOR/SENSOR NETWORKS • MULTIMEDIA SENSOR NETWORKS • UNDERWATER SENSOR NETWORKS • UNDERGROUND SENSOR NETWORKS CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  4. Office Hours • By appointment • You are encouraged to use e-mail • liujiajia@xidian.edu.cn • PLEASE USE [CS5602] • in the subject line of your e-mails!!! CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  5. Course Organization & Grade Distribution • There will be • ONE exam (70%) • TWO experimental PROJECTS (10%) • THREE (OPEN BOOK) reports (15%) • In-class Participation (5%) CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  6. Required Course Text • Wireless Sensor Networks, I. F. Akyildiz and M. C. Vuran, John Wiley & Sons, Sept. 2010 • Lecture notes (POWERPOINT) will be posted on my web page “Lectures” • A list of research papers will be provided throughout the semester at “Lectures” CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  7. Required Course Text • EXAM and REPORTS will be based on the textbook, lecture notes and supplemental reading materials • Several other textbooks that might be helpful are listed below • Handbook of Sensor Networks: Algorithms and Architectures, I. Stojmenovic, John Wiley & Sons, Sept. 2005 • Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, H. Karl and A. Willig, John Wiley & Sons, June 2005 CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  8. Course Project • 10% of your final grade • Innovative research project with TinyOS on MICAz, Telos, IRIS, iMote2 or SunSPOT sensor nodes • Each student will have access to the room • A set of tutorials on lab equipment, previous projects, and TinyOS will be given • Further information on class website http://web.xidian.edu.cn/jjliu/en/teach.html CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  9. Sensor Mote 51-pin expansion connector LEDs Microprocessor Radio Antenna 2AA Batteries CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  10. MICAZ Mote (2005) 8 MHz 128 KB RAM 512 KB Flash ~ $125 ~14 mW 0.5 oz, 2.25 x 1.25 x 0.25 inch Original IBM PC (1981) 4.77 MHz 16-256 KB RAM 160 KB Floppies ~ $6K (today) ~ 64 W 25 lb, 19.5 x 5.5 x 16 inch MicaZ Motes CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  11. MICA2 Platform • MCU (microcontroller unit): • Atmel ATmega128L • 7.37 MHz clock, 8 bit • Flash memory (program): 128 kB • SRAM (data and variables): 4 kB • Serial flash memory: 512 KB • Xbow estimates > 100,000 samples • Sensors: • External board (via 51-pin conn.) • Radio: • Chipcon CC1000: 315/433/915 MHz • Max. data rate:250 kbits/s • Outdoor range:150m • Sleep current: <15μA Source: Crossbow MPR-MIB Users Manual Rev.A, June 2007 CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  12. MICAz Platform • MCU (microcontroller unit): • Atmel ATmega128L • 7.37 MHz clock, 8 bit • Flash memory (program): 128 kB • SRAM (data and variables): 4 kB • Serial flash memory: 512 KB • Xbow estimates > 100,000 samples • Sensors: • External board (via 51-pin conn.) • Radio: • TI/Chipcon CC2420: 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.15.4) • Max. data rate:250 kbits/s • Outdoor range:100m • Sleep current: <15μA Source: Crossbow MPR-MIB Users Manual Rev.A, June 2007 CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  13. IRIS Platform • MCU (microcontroller unit): • Atmel ATmega1281 • 7.37 MHz clock, 8 bit • Flash memory (program): 128 kB • SRAM (data and variables): 8 kB • Serial flash memory: 512 KB • Xbow estimates > 100,000 samples • Sensors: • External board (via 51-pin conn.) • Radio: • Atmel RF230: 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.15.4) • Max. data rate: 250 kbits/s • Outdoor range: 300m • Sleep current: 8μA Source: Crossbow MPR-MIB Users Manual Rev.A, June 2007 CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  14. MDA100 Sensor Board Compatibility: Mica2 MicaZ IRIS Features: Light (Photo) Temperature General prototyping area CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  15. MTS310 Sensor Board • Compatibility: • Mica2, MicaZ, IRIS • Features: • Light • Temperature • Dual-axis Accelerometer • Dual-axis Magnetometer • Acoustic (microphone/tone detector) • Sounder 4.5kHz CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  16. MTS420 Sensor Board • Compatibility: • Mica2, MicaZ, IRIS • Features: • Light • Humidity and Temperature • Dual-axis accelerometer • Barometric Pressure • External GPS Module • accuracy: 10m, 2D CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  17. CMUcam3 • CMOS camera • CIF Resolution (352x288) RGB color sensor • MMC Flash Slot • Compatible Connector with Wireless Sensor Notes CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  18. TelosB / Tmote Sky • MCU (microcontroller unit): • TI MSP430 • Up to 8 MHz clock, 16 bit • Flash memory (program): 48 kB • SRAM (data and variables): 8 kB • Serial flash memory: 1MB • Sensors (installed on TelosB only): • Light, IR, Humidity, Temperature • Radio (embedded antenna): • CC2420: 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.15.4) • Max. data rate: 250 kbits/s • Outdoor range: 100m • Sleep current: 5.1μA Source: Crossbow TelosB Datasheet (PN 6020-0094-02) Source: Moteiv Tmote Sky Datasheet (Dec06) CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  19. Imote2 Platform • CPU: • Intel PXA271 XScale • Up to 416 MHz clock, 32 bit • Flash memory (program): 32 MB • SRAM: 8 kB • SDRAM: 32 MB • Sensors (board ITS400): • Light, Temperature, Humidity, 3-axis acceler. • ADC (4 external 12-bit analog inputs) • Radio (embedded antenna): • CC2420: 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.15.4) • Max. data rate: 250 kbits/s • Outdoor range: 30m • Sleep current: 390μA Source: Crossbow doc PN 6020-0117-02 CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  20. SunSPOT Platform • MCU (microcontroller unit): • ARM920T • Up to 180 MHz clock, 32 bit • Flash memory (program/data): 4 MB • SRAM (data and variables): 512 kB • Sensors: • Light, Temperature, 3-axis accelerometer • ADC (6 external analog inputs) • Radio (embedded antenna): • CC2420: 2.4 GHz (IEEE 802.15.4) • Max. data rate: 250 kbits/s • Sleep current: 33μA • Software: Squawk VM (Java VM with OS functionality) CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  21. NetBridge/NSLU2 Gateway • CPU: • Intel IXP420 XScale • 266 MHz clock, 32 bit • Flash memory (program): 8 MB • SDRAM: 32 MB • System Disk: 2/4 GB (via USB Flash-Disk) • Preloaded with Debian Linux • Ethernet connection • Sensors and Radio: • Connect a mote via USB connector (ex.: MICAz_MIB520, TelosB) Source: Crossbow doc PN 6020-0126-01 CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  22. Robot Garcia (Acroname Inc.) CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  23. HP iPAQ CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  24. Several thousand nodes Nodes must be close to each other Densities as high as 20 nodes/m3 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSN) Sink Internet, Satellite, UAV Sink Task Manager CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  25. Applications of Cyber-Physical Networks • Wireless Underground Sensor Networks • Adaptive Environmental Monitoring CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  26. Wireless Underground Sensor Networks A New Frontier • Tiny computers capable of wireless communication • On-board sensing capabilities (soil moisture, temperature, salinity, etc…) • Communication through soil CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  27. Potential Applications of WUSNs Sports field irrigation Precision agriculture CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  28. Wireless Underground (UG) Communication Soil: extremely lossy medium (> 20 times air attenuation). Low power UG communication: traditionally is not considered feasible. Low Power UG communication NOT FEASIBLE Low Power UG communication FEASIBLE Long-range communication (>100m) Any soil depth High density of nodes Small inter-node distances Multi-hop communication Networking for UG communication is unexploredso far [1]. [1] M. C. Vuran and I. F. Akyildiz, “Channel Model and Analysis for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks in Soil Medium,,” Physical Communication (Elsevier) Journal, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 245-254, Dec. 2010. CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  29. CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  30. CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  31. Monitoring Environment Behavior Combining Sensor Networks with Advanced Monitoring techniques CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  32. Whooping Crane GrusAmericana (美洲鹤) • Most endangered crane worldwide (266 wild individuals March 2008) CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  33. Historical Distribution of Whooping Cranes Breeding Wintering Year-round Migration area CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  34. Current Distribution of Whooping Cranes Breeding Wintering CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  35. Breeding and Wintering CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  36. What We Do Track Cranes These With CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  37. Overall System Goals • Track cranes (through the use of GPS) • Provide flight telemetry data (through the use of a solid state compass) • Communicate results (through a multi-modal approach: ZigBee or GSM) CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  38. Challenges D. Anthony, W. P. Bennett, M. C. Vuran, M. B. Dwyer, S. Elbaum, F. C. Ramirez, ‘’Simulating and Testing Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks,’’ in Proc. ACM MSWiM '10, Bodrum, Turkey, Oct. 2010. CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  39. System Components • Atmega1281 Microprocessor • ZigBee 802.15.4 wireless • Honeywell solid state compass • GSM 3G modem • SirfStar GPS CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  40. Tracker Architecture Hardware Software CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  41. Hardware Evolution CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  42. Hardware Evolution CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  43. System Architecture CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  44. Wildlife Experiments • Crane Trust, Wood River, NE CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  45. International Crane FoundationBaraboo, WI CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  46. Pouch Attachment • Meet Basov CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  47. One morning… CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  48. Meet Jim Brancel CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  49. September 2011 CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

  50. … across the continent… CS5602: Principles and Techniques for Sensors and Information Perception

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