Types of World Systems

1. Types of World Systems Canadian & World Politics www.CraigMarlatt.com/school

2. Types of World Systems • Non-Governmental Organizations • International Alliances • United Nations • Decision Making in Different Sectors

3. Non-Governmental Organizations • What is the role of NGOs? • Suggested Strategies: • Provide a coordinated, situation-specific, rapid response. • Build technical and operational capacity for the long-term. • Ensure educational services to all.

4. International Alliances • Key Alliances • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - nato.int • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - aseansec.org • African Union (AU) - africa-union.org • Organization of American States (OAS) - oas.org • Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) - apecsec.org.sg

5. The United Nations

6. United Nations Structure • Six main “organs” of the UN • General Assembly • Security Council • Secretariat • International Court of Justice • Economic & Social Council • Trusteeship Council • Many other agencies & organizations within the UN system

8. UNHQ – “New York City”

9. Secretariat (& Secretary-General) • Secretariat is the “business” • Secretary-General acts as a diplomat, advocate, civil servant, and CEO • Spokesman for the interests of the world’s peoples, in particular the poor and vulnerable • H.E. Ban Ki-moon of Korea (2007-)

10. General Assembly

11. Security Council

12. Economic & Social Council

13. Trusteeship Council (to 1994)

14. International Court of Justice - The Hague

15. UN European HQ – Geneva • Former HQ of the League of Nations

16. UN Office at Vienna • UNHCR, Space, Drugs

17. UN Office at Nairobi • UNEP, UNHABITAT

19. Purpose of the UN • Maintain international peace & security • Achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural, & humanitarian problems • Promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms • Be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining common goals

20. UN Priorities:Conflict Resolution • Peaceful Settlement of Differences • International Court of Justice • Economic Sanctions • Peacekeeping Force • Regular Military Force • Must be made available by all member states on an individual basis

21. UN Priorities:Human Rights • Universal Declaration of Human Rights • High Commission for Human Rights • Will be replaced by the Human Rights Council on June 16th, 2006 • Refugees • High Commission for Refugees

22. UN Priorities:Sustainable Development • “Programs that improve people’s quality of life without impairing future generations’ ability to improve their quality of life” • UN Conference on Human Environment • The Earth Summit • United Nations Environment Program

23. UN Priorities:The Middle East • Whereas many other conflicts were resolved in a relatively short time…. • Palestine & Israel Conflict dominated the Security Council agenda for decades • Palestine to Israel; Palestine & Israel?! • Wars: 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 • Problems still exist today

24. UN Priorities:Other Major Issues • Women • Child Labour • Colonies (success!) • Apartheid (success!) • Population • Development (including the HDI) • Health

25. UN Millennium Development Goals • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • Reduce child mortality • Improve maternal health • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases • Ensure environmental sustainability • Develop a global partnership for development

26. Canada & the United Nations

27. H.E. Guillermo Rishchynski • Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations • Veteran Trade Commissioner, Ambassador, and executive for the Canadian International Development Agency

28. The Rt. Hon. Lester B. Pearson • Invented the concept of peacekeeping • President of the General Assembly 1952-1953 • Won the Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to resolve the Suez Crisis of 1956 • Canadian Prime Minister 1963-1968

29. Ms. Louise Frechette • Appointed first ever UN Deputy Secretary-General 1998 - 2007 • Helped manage Secretariat operations • Canadian UN Ambassador 1992-1995

30. Mrs. Louise Arbour • Was the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights • Former Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada • Former Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda

31. H.E. Stephen Lewis • Was the UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa • Former Deputy Director of UNICEF • Former Canadian UN Ambassador • Former MPP and Leader of the Ontario NDP

32. General Maurice Baril • Was a United Nations Headquarters Military Advisor - Senior military advisor to the Secretary-General • Former Canadian Chief of Defence Staff (Canada’s top soldier)

33. LGen The Hon. Roméo Dallaire • Was a Commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda • Author of Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda • Canadian Senator

34. MGen Lewis Mackenzie • Was a Commander of the United Nations Protection Force in Yugoslavia • Author of Peacekeeper, Road to Sarajevo

35. Canada’s Financial Contributions to the UN • 7th leading contributor to the UN – 2.5% of the UN’s budget (US $34.5 million)… more than China or Russia! • Canada has a perfect payment record – always in full, on time, and without conditions • In addition, Canada contributes $77 million annually for UN peacekeeping

36. Canada andInternational Development • Canada spent US $4.73 billion in 2008 on Official Development Assistance (ODA) – 9th largest in the world • 0.32% of our Gross National Income (GNI) or approximately $100 from every Canadian • UN “target” is 0.7% GNI (originally set by Pearson in 1969, but repeatedly affirmed as an appropriate goal) • 5 countries are there already; others have made firm commitments to get there before 2017

37. Canada and Children • Canada played a key role in creating the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of a Child • Canada Co-Chaired the 1990 World Summit for Children • Canada hosted the 2000 International Conference on War Affected Children

38. Canada and Development in Africa • Canada dropped its tariffs and quotas on nearly all imports from least-developed countries in 2003 • Canada led the G8 Africa Action Plan that helped African nations launch the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) • Canada added another $500 million in aid through the Canada Fund for Africa

39. Canadian Missions to the UN • Permanent Mission of Canada to the United Nations in New York (UNHQ) • Geneva Mission, Vienna Mission • Delegation to UNESCO in Paris • Mission UN HABITAT in Nairobi • Mission to UNEP in Nairobi • Mission to FAO in Rome • Mission to ICAO in Montreal

40. Questions About the UN? • www.un.org • www.un.int/canada • Michael Kovrig – canada@un.int • www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/canada_un • www.unac.org • www.unicef.ca • www.canimun.org

41. Decision Making in Different Sectors • Corporations, Humanitarian Organizations, International Organizations • Whose interests are at heart when decisions are being made? • Who makes decisions in each organization or corporation? • What are the primary concerns or objectives of the organization or corporation? • Where does the organization or corporation get its funding from? • What does the organization or corporation do with its money?

42. Decision Making in Different Sectors • Nike • Shell • Doctors without Borders • Canadian Red Cross • Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries • World Bank