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ORDER: PRIMATES

ORDER: PRIMATES. Monkeys, Apes, Prosimians, and Us. Primate Evolutionary History. Primate Evolutionary History. The origin of the order is commonly given as 65 MYA (million years ago) Some estimates go back to 85 MYA. Purgatorius unio.

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ORDER: PRIMATES

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  1. ORDER: PRIMATES Monkeys, Apes, Prosimians, and Us

  2. Primate Evolutionary History

  3. Primate Evolutionary History • The origin of the order is commonly given as 65 MYA (million years ago) • Some estimates go back to 85 MYA

  4. Purgatorius unio Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Purgatorius_BW.jpg

  5. Purgatorius unio • 55-65 MYA • Lived in N. America and Europe • Its fossils first discovered in Montana

  6. Primate Evolutionary History • About 50 MYA, pretty soon after the dinosaurs go extinct, there is an explosion in the number of primate species—about 6000 species arise. • The 200 species now living are the what remains of this differentiation, and the descendants of the survivors.

  7. Primate Classification

  8. Linnaean classification

  9. Linnaean classification • Note: When writing the binomen of a species, use italics, and capitalize the name of the Genus!

  10. Linnaean classification

  11. The Primates, a quick tour…

  12. The Primates, a quick tour… The most basic groups to think about: • Prosimians • Monkeys • Apes and humans

  13. Prosimians: LORIS

  14. Prosimians: LEMURS

  15. Prosimians: TARSIERS

  16. OLD WORLD MONKEYS: MANDRIL

  17. OLD WORLD MONKEYS: SNOW MONKEYS

  18. OLD WORLD MONKEYS: BABOONS

  19. NEW WORLD MONKEYS: SPIDER MONKEYS

  20. NEW WORLD MONKEYS: SQUIRREL MONKEY

  21. APE: ORANGUTAN

  22. APE: GORILLA

  23. APE: GORILLA

  24. APE: CHIMPANZEE

  25. APE: H. sapiens

  26. APE: GIBBON

  27. Typical Primate Characteristics Adapted from Jurmain et al. (1998)

  28. Primate characteristics • Limbs and locomotion: • Erect or semi-erect posture • Generalized limb structure allows a variety of locomotive behaviors.

  29. SIFAKAS

  30. Primate characteristics • Limbs and locomotion: • Prehensile hands and feet. • Five digits • Opposable thumbs and big toes • Fingernail instead of claws

  31. . SLOW LORIS

  32. Primate characteristics • Generalized diet and teeth

  33. Primate characteristics • The senses and the brain: • Color vision (diurnal primates only)

  34. Primate characteristics • The senses and the brain: • Stereoscopic vision (depth perception) • Eyes to the front • Visual information from each eye transmitted to visual centers in both hemispheres in the brain • Visual information processed by specialized brain structures

  35. TARSIER

  36. Primate characteristics • The senses and the brain: • Large and complex brains • Visual information processing • Large areas involved with the hand

  37. Primate characteristics • Maturation, Learning and Behavior • Long gestation • Single births instead of litters • Delayed maturation • Tendency to live in mixed-age groups • Dependence on learned behavior

  38. Gua and Donald Holding Hands.

  39. Juvenile Dependency

  40. Primate Sociality • Theories: • Improved access to food • Protection from predators

  41. Primate Sociality • Types of groups: • Multi-male/multi-female • Most common type. • Chimps and Bonobos usually live in mm/mf fission-fusion groups.

  42. Primate Sociality • Types of groups: • Pair-bond • Examples: Gibbons and Siamangs, some monkeys

  43. Gibbons

  44. Primate Sociality • Types of groups: One-Male/Multi Female • Gorilla

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