1 / 123

World War II

World War II. 1939-1945. World War II Study Guide. Identify at least 3 causes of World War II : (1) rise of Hitler/fascism ; (2) appeasement; (3) Japanese military aggression/nationalism in the Pacific

manjit
Download Presentation

World War II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. World War II 1939-1945

  2. World War II Study Guide • Identify at least 3 causes of World War II: (1)rise of Hitler/fascism; (2) appeasement; (3) Japanese military aggression/nationalism in the Pacific • Explain the concept of Appeasement: the policy of giving concessions in exchange for peace; Europeans “appeased” Hitler’s aggression prior to the start of WWII • Explain why Japan attacked the US at Pearl Harbor, forcing the US into the war: Japan wanted to dominate South East Asia. • What was the purpose of the Neutrality Act? The United States wanted to avoid international conflicts in Europe that might drag the nation into war. • Explain the concept of isolationism. • What separated WW I and WWII in regards to fighting on multiple fronts? • What was the Holocaust? • Why was Island Hopping a major key for the US victory in the pacific theater? • What was the importance of the Normandy Invasion? • What was the Manhattan Project and what was its’ importance in ending WWII?

  3. Sponge Activity • Identify three events or people related to World War II:

  4. Sponge Activity • Identify three events or people related to World War II: 1. Pearl Harbor 2. Holocaust 3. Atomic Bomb (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)

  5. WWII: The Rise of Dictators

  6. World War II • Fascism: an aggressive kind of nationalism; • Fascists believe that the nation was more important than the individual • Fascists believed a nation became great by expanding its territory and building up its military (very militaristic) • Fascism was fiercely anti-communist. • Fascism was anti-labor union, pro-private property and pro-middle class

  7. World War II • The Rise of Dictators • Mussolini and Fascism in Italy • Stalin and the USSR • Hitler and Nazism in Germany • Militarism in Japan

  8. Mussolini and Fascism in Italy • One of the first places in Europe where fascism took hold was Italy. • In 1919, Benito Mussolini founded Italy’s Fascist Party. • Once in office, Mussolini worked to destroy democracy and establish a dictatorship.

  9. Hitler and Nazism in Germany • Adolf Hitler was a fervent anticommunist and an admirer of Mussolini. • Germany’s defeat in WWI left Germans with a deep hatred of the “Allies” and the peace terms.

  10. Hitler and Nazism in Germany • After WWI, Germany suffered economic depression and chaos. • Germans blamed the extremely harsh war reparations (war damages) they had to pay the Allies for much of their problems. • New political parties emerged during this period including the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or the NAZI Party.

  11. Hitler and Nazism in Germany • He referred to these Germans as the Aryans “master-race.” • He argued that Germans needed more Lebensraum or living space, and called for Germans to expand east into Poland and Russia. • He believed the Slavic people of Eastern Europe were an inferior people and should be enslaved. • He was especially anti-semetic-- he deeply hated the Jews, and blamed them for German’s defeat in WWI

  12. Hitler and Nazism in Germany • Hitler was arrested in November 1923 for trying to overthrow the democratically elected government in Germany. • In prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kamph(My Struggle), his autobiography. • In the book, Hitler called for the unification of all Germans, especially blond, blue-eyed Germans. • By 1933, many Germans supported Hitler’s nationalism and politics. • Hitler was appointed as chancellor, or prime minister. • By 1934, he became dictator., and took the title the “fuhrer, or “leader.”

  13. Key Terms • Use your notes to write a short definition or sentence using the following key terms: • Pearl Harbor: • Benito Mussolini: • Fascism: • Nazis: • Adolf Hitler: • Holocaust:

  14. Stalin and the USSR • The Bolsheviks, a group of Communists led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power in the middle of WWI (1917). • They renamed the territories of Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). • In 1926, Joseph Stalin became the new Soviet dictator. He began a massive effort to industrialize his country. • Stalin tolerated no opposition; his policies brought about the death of some 8 to 10 million peasants who resisted his policies.

  15. Stalin and the USSR • Socialism is the belief that business should be publicly owned and run by the government. • Communists believed that a political party led by them should use whatever means necessary to gain and hold power to created a socialists government. • The Bolsheviks, or Communists in Russia, established one-party rule over this territory, suppressing individual liberties and punishing opponents.

  16. Militarists Gain Control of Japan • Difficult economic times in Japan created political problems in Japan in the 1920’s. • Japan had to import many of the resources it needed for its economy. • Japan did not earn enough money from its exports for a strong economy. • The Great Depression hit Japan especially hard as tariffs limited its ability to export its industrial products. Unemployment grew worse over the 1930s. • Emperor Hirohito

  17. Militarists Gain Control of Japan • Japanese military leaders led by Hideki Tojo and others believed the only way for Japan to get the resources it needed for a stronger economy was to seize territory. • The resource-rich province of Manchuria in northern China was a perfect place to conquer. • In 1931, the Japanese army invaded Manchuria. The military assassinated the Japanese prime minister when he tried to end the conflict and took control of the government. • The new government the military formed supported a nationalist policy of expanding the Japanese empire , and appointed military officers to head the Japanese government.

  18. Sponge Activity: Identify the country each of these individuals were from: • PersonCountryPolitics • Adolf Hitler _________ _______ • Benito Mussolini _________ _______ • Joseph Stalin: _________ _______ • Hirohito: _________ _______

  19. Identify the country each of these individuals were from: • PersonCountryPolitics • Adolf Hitler Germany Fascism • Benito Mussolini Italy Fascism • Joseph Stalin: USSR(Russia) Communism • Hirohito: Japan Fascism

  20. Sponge Activity • Identify three causes of World War II andexplain why they occurred. • 1. • 2. • 3.

  21. Sponge Activity • Identify three countries the United States fought in World War II?

  22. America and Neutrality • The rise of new dictators and militarism after WWI discouraged many Americans. • Americans were preoccupied with the Great Depression • Americans supported isolationism—the belief that the United States should avoid international commitments that might drag the nation into war.

  23. American Turns to Neutrality • Nye Committee: in 1934, a congressional committee uncovered how arms factories had amassed huge profits during WWI. • Many Americans believed that they were tricked into WWI by businesses and arms manufacturers. • Neutrality Act of 1935: a law that made in illegal to sell arms to any country at war. • Spanish Civil War: began in 1936; a rebellion began in Spain following the election of a coalition of Republican, Socialist, and Communists; the rebellion led by General Francisco Franco and Spanish Fascists, the army, landowners, etc.

  24. America Turns to Neutrality • Axis Powers • After the Spanish Civil War began in 1936, Hitler and Mussolini signed an agreement on cooperation. • Japan later aligned itself with Germany and Italy. • Together, they became known as the Axis Powers

  25. Roosevelt and Internationalism • Internationalism: the idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps to prevent war. • Roosevelt supported internationalism and warned that the nation should not allow “lawlessness” infect the world.

  26. World War II Begins • By 1940, Hitler was bent on conquest and the German army had been rebuilt. • European leaders had not tried to stop Hitler when he was much weaker. • Appeasement: the policy of giving concessions in exchange for peace • Most Europeans refused to stop him earlier because: • Memories of WWI • Many believed German should be allowed to control German-speaking regions of Europe • They believed Hitler would stop once they gained more territory.

  27. Appeasement and Hitler’s Aggression • Hitler takes Austria (March, 1938) • Munich Conference (September 29, 1938); Czechoslovakia: • After the Munich Conference, Hitler turned his attention to Poland. Hitler demanded return of Danzig region of Poland. France and England announced they would defend Poland • August 23, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact • September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland. • September 3, 1939, Britain and France declare war on Germany, WWII begins

  28. U.S. Entry into War II

  29. Key Terms • Lend-Lease Act: December, 1940 act by which the US was able to lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the US; • Atlantic Charter: a charter written following a meeting of Winston Churchill and FDR in August, 1941; this charter committed the US and England to a postwar world of democracy, non-aggression, free trade, economic advancment, and freedom of the seas. • Pearl Harbor: site of a devastating surprise attack by Japan on the U.S. Pacific Fleet in December 7th, 1941; 21 US ships sank or damaged; 188 airplanes destroyed; aand 2,403 Americans killed; the next day, the US declared war on Japan; days later, German and Italy declared war on the USA

  30. FDR and the “Four Freedoms” • Following his reelection in 1940, F.D. Roosevelt called on the US to support England’s fight against Hitler • In 1941, FDR listed “Four Freedoms” upon with the US stood—a rallying cry for the US: • Freedom of speech • Freedom of worship • Freedom from want • Freedom from fear

  31. Lend-Lease Act • By December 1940, Great Britain had run out of money to wage war against Germany. • In 1940, the US began to lend or lease arms to any country considered to be “vital to the defense of the US.” • England agreed to return or pay rent for the arms after WWII. • Under this program, the US sent over $50 billion in weapons, vehicles and supplies to the Allies.

  32. Atlantic Charter • In August 1941 F.D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill (GB) met face-to-face on board American British warships anchored near Newfoundland. • Agreed on text of the Atlantic Charter • Committed leaders to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement and freedom of the seas

  33. U.S. Entry into War II

  34. Key Terms • Lend-Lease Act: December, 1940 act by which the US was able to lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the US; • Atlantic Charter: a charter written following a meeting of Winston Churchill and FDR in August, 1941; this charter committed the US and England to a postwar world of democracy, non-aggression, free trade, economic advancment, and freedom of the seas. • Pearl Harbor: site of a devastating surprise attack by Japan on the U.S. Pacific Fleet in December 7th, 1941; 21 US ships sank or damaged; 188 airplanes destroyed; aand 2,403 Americans killed; the next day, the US declared war on Japan; days later, German and Italy declared war on the USA

  35. FDR and the “Four Freedoms” • Following his reelection in 1940, F.D. Roosevelt called on the US to support England’s fight against Hitler • In 1941, FDR listed “Four Freedoms” upon with the US stood—a rallying cry for the US: • Freedom of speech • Freedom of worship • Freedom from want • Freedom from fear

  36. Lend-Lease Act • By December 1940, Great Britain had run out of money to wage war against Germany. • In 1940, the US began to lend or lease arms to any country considered to be “vital to the defense of the US.” • England agreed to return or pay rent for the arms after WWII. • Under this program, the US sent over $50 billion in weapons, vehicles and supplies to the Allies.

  37. Atlantic Charter • In August 1941 F.D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill (GB) met face-to-face on board American British warships anchored near Newfoundland. • Agreed on text of the Atlantic Charter • Committed leaders to a postwar world of democracy, nonaggression, free trade, economic advancement and freedom of the seas

  38. Japan Attacks the US • The Japanese attack on the US finally drew the US into World War 2. • Japan wanted to resources for its industry. • The Japanese military had seized the resource-rich province of Manchuria in northern China in 1931. • Japan invaded China in 1937.

  39. Japan Attacks the US • Roosevelt put pressure on Japan in 1939 and 1940 to keep Japan from attacking British territory in South East Asia • Export Control Act (1940): restricted sale of strategic materials to Japan (airplane fuel, scrap metal). • Japan joined the Axis shortly after • Japan attacked southern Indochina in 1941 and threatened English and French colonies.

  40. Japan Attacks the US • Because Japan had decided to attack British and French regions of southeast Asia, they needed to destroy the American fleet at Pearl Harbor. • On November 26, 1941, six Japanese aircraft carriers, two battleships and several warships set sail for Hawaii. • Surprise attack on the US Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7th, 1941.

  41. Japan Attacks the US • The Japanese attack on the US finally drew the US into World War 2. • Roosevelt put pressure on Japan in 1939 and 1940 to keep Japan from attacking British territory in South East Asia • Export Control Act (1940) • Japan attacked Indochina in 1941

  42. Chapter 19: Key Terms • Appeasement: the policy of giving concessions in exchange for peace • Blitzkrieg: lightning war; German used large numbers of massed tanks to break through and rapidly encircle enemy positions; waves of aircraft supported the tanks • Dunkirk: small town in northern France where British and French troops were rescued from Hitler’s army in June, 1940 • Luftwaffe: German air force • Battle of Britain: air battle between England’s Royal Air Force and Germany’s Luftwaffe in Fall, 1940;

  43. Key Terms (Holocaust) • Holocaust: name given to the mass slaughter to the Jews and other groups by Hitler and the NAZIs during WW2 • Nuremberg Laws: German laws passed in September, 1935 that took citizenship away from Jewish Germans; banned marriage between Germans and Jews; prohibited Jews from voting or holding political office; also Jews were restricted from certain occupations • Kristallnacht: “night of broken glass”; anti-Jewish violence and riots that swept through Germany and Austria in November, 1938 • Concentration camps: detention centers where Jews worked as slaves until they died from exhaustion, disease, or malnutrition • Extermination camps: next to the concentration camps; camps where Jews were executed in massive gas chambers • Auschwitz: massive extermination camp, housed about 100,000 people in 300 prison baracks; 1.6 million Jews, Gypsies, Soviet prisoners of war and other people died at this camp.

More Related