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Michif Discontinuous DP elements K athleen Strader University of Manitoba October 18, 2013 straderk@myumanitoba.ca 45 th Algonquian conference. Background. Mixed language of Cree and French spoken in Manitoba, Saskatchewan Montana and North Dakota

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  1. Michif Discontinuous DP elementsKathleen StraderUniversity of ManitobaOctober 18, 2013straderk@myumanitoba.ca45th Algonquian conference

  2. Background • Mixed language of Cree and French spoken in Manitoba, Saskatchewan Montana and North Dakota • Origins: intermarriage of French fur traders and Cree/Ojibwa women • Comprised of Cree VPs and French DPs • meets the criteria for a non configurational language: • null anaphora, • flexible word order • discontinuous elements

  3. Statement of Problem • Does Michif have discontinuous elements and how do they compare to Cree? • Data Source: • Laverdure, P., & R. I. Allard, I. (1983). The Michif dictionary: Turtle Mountain Chippewa Cree (J. C. Crawford, Ed.) Winnipeg: Pemmican Publicatons Inc.

  4. Ogranisation of Talk • Dislocation vs Discontinuous • Michif Determiner Phrase • Quantifiers • Numerals • Demonstratives • Discussion • Conclusion

  5. Dislocation • French Right dislocation (1) Ilestd’hors , le chien 3.S.M is outside, the dog ‘The dog is out side’ Lit : it is outside, the dog • Potentially occurs in Michif (2) il a bon apichee pour lee seukrazh 3.M.S has good appetite for DET.P sweets liptsigarsoon DET.S.M little.M.S boy, ‘the boy has a good appetite for sweets. ‘(Laverdure & Allard, p. 24)

  6. Michif DP Word Order • Word order in the DP is fixed DEMCR- Quantifier/NumBoth - DET/POSS.PN - ADJ - Noun - ADJ – DEMCR

  7. DP Examples (3) Yaenkpayyekaennorawzhd-awayim-ow Only one INDEF.M.S orange 1-want.TA1-3 ‘I want only one orange’ (Bakker,1997) (Laverdure & Allarde, 1983) (4) Ookounikli mood kaw-natoun-a-k-ik DEM.DIS.P.AN DET.P people REL-look.for.TA-DIR-1/3CJ-3P.CJ Those are the people I was looking for. (Laverdure & Allard, 1983, p. 332)

  8. Quantifiers Continuous example (5) Apisheeshlipaend-awaym-ow Small DEF.S.M bread 1-have.need-TA.1-3 I need a piece of bread (Laverdure & Allard, 1983) • Quantifiers can be discontinuous Discontinuous Examples: Imperative (6) awtihtmenish-a lee brawnshdawli some cut.off.TI-IMP.2 DEF.P branch Loc DEF.S. zawbrouschi tree from ‘Lop off some of the branches from the tree’

  9. Example: Negative (7) kawyamishtahiashtawlisel neg much put.TI.IMP.2 DEF.S.M salt ‘Don't put in much salt’ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983) Transitive (8)lipwesonyeenmischayt DEF.S.M fisherman many kee-kawschitin-aywlee pwesoon pst-caught.TA- 3-3’ DEF.P fish ‘The fisherman caught many fish’(Laverdure & Allard, 1983)

  10. Cree Example (12) Kahkinawkî-nipahêwpinêsîsa all he-killed-them birds ‘he killed all the birds’ (Reinholtz, 1999)

  11. Comparatives/Superlatives Continuous Example (13)Kiyawpitnawutlipaenchi-ayaw-wa-yuhk pour Yet.more more DEF.S.M bread FUT-have.TA –CJ.21-3 For lee enfants DEF.P children ‘We need more bread for the children’ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983) Discontinuous Example (15) apisheeshnawat gee-miyikaw-i-n larzhawnniya little by.comparison 1.PST-give.TA-X-1 DEF.money 1.S ‘I got the least money‘ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983)

  12. Numerals Continuous Example (17) Si lee sueur d-ayaww-aw-wuk Six DEF.P sister 1-have.TA-1-3P ‘I have six sisters.’ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983) • Numerals can be discontinuous Discontinuous Example (19) Naefd-ayaw-n lee bol Nine 1.S-have.TI.-0 DEF.P bowls ‘I have nine bowls’ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983)

  13. Discontinuous Cree Example (20) Nistokî-kwâskohtiwakarîkisak Three 3-PERF-jump.P frog.P ‘three frogs jumped’ (Reinholtz, 1999)

  14. Demonstratives • Cree Demonstratives can be discontinuous Cree Example: (21) Awakî-kâhcitinêwnâpêwokimotiskwa This 3.perf-catch.dir.3 man thief.obv ‘This man caught the thief’ (Reinholtz, 1999) • Michif Demonstratives cannot discontinuous from other DP elements (Rosen, 2003)

  15. DiscontinuityMichif VS Cree

  16. Problematic Data (20) mawchinama-tay-wuklee tramp, lee hobos many neg-be.AI-3P DEF.P tramps, DEF.P hobos ‘there aren’t very many old time tramps.’ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983) (21) Nawutmischetkiya kit-ayaw-n lee vote by.comparison more 2.S 2.S-have.TI.-0 DEF.P votes ‘You got the most votes’ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983)

  17. Discussion (22) la pouldoozku-htashi-yi-w DEF.SG.FEM hen 12 PST-be.so.many.AI-3’ sapchitbawnddipoulay POSS.F.S small brood of.the chickens ‘the hen had a brood of twelve chicks’ (Laverdure & Allard, 1983) lit: the hen’s brood of chickens were twelve

  18. Conclusion Does Michif have discontinuous elements ? • Adverbs • Preverbal elements • Focus mechanism

  19. Works Cited Bakker, P. (1997). A language of our own : The genesis of Michif, the mixed Cree-French language of the Canadian Métis.Cary, NC: Oxford University Press. Laverdure, P., & I.R. Allard. (1983). The Michif dictionary: Turtle Mountain Chippewa Cree (J. C. Crawford, Ed.) Winnipeg: Pemmican Publicatons Inc. Reinholtz, Charlotte. (1999). On the Characterization of Discontinuous constituents: evidence from Swampy Cree. International Jounral of American Linguistics 65 (2): 201-207. Rhodes, R.A. (1977). French Cree—a case of borrowing. In W. Cowan (Ed.), Papers of the 8th Algonquian conference.8-25. Ottawa: Carleton University. Rosen, Nicole. (2003). Demonstrative Position in Michif. the Canadian Journal of Linguistics 48 (1/2):39-69.

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