Funding for cycling

1. Funding for cycling

2. Funding for cycling 10.00 Welcome (Andrew Selous, Co-chair, APPCG) 10.05 Funding for Cycling: introducing the campaign Roger Geffen (Policy Director, Cycling UK) 10.15 Cost-effective measures to boost walking and cycling: the evidence Lynn Sloman (Transport for Quality of Life) 10.30 Local perspectives: Cllr Suzanne Bartington, Cycling Champion, Oxfordshire County Council) Fabian Hamilton MP, Leeds NE 10.40 Discussion 11.00 Formal close (room booked till 11.30)

3. Funding for cycling Roger Geffen Policy Director, Cycling UK

4. About Cycling UK • 65,000 members, founded 1878 • Cycling activities, membership services (legal, insurance, magazine) • Campaigning nationally and locally, to maximise cycling’s health, economic, environmental environmental benefits for all • Cycling development e.g. cycle training, projects for under-represented / disadvantaged groups

5. Cycle funding in England:current state of play • ‘Get Britain Cycling’ inquiry (2013): called for • Targets to boost cycling from 2% of trips to 10% by 2025 and to 25% by 2050 • Annual spending of £10 per person annually, rising to £20 • Cycling & Walking Investment Strategy (CWIS): • Law passed 2015, adopted 2017. • 5-year investment initially £1.2bn (£316m earmarked, the rest local), now close to £2bn (£348m earmarked). Total still only c£7.50 per person annually outside London, for walking as well.

6. Campaign aim:Strengthen investment in Cycling and Walking through the Spending review • Walking and Cycling Alliance (WACA) joint booklet ‘Moving the Nation’ • Cycling UK campaign with Living Streets support • Rebalance overall transport spending: seeking 5% initially, rising to 10% over 5 years • Aim to get leading Councillors and MPs writing to Ministers in support of increased investment in cycling and walking • To create people-friendly streets • Using inspiring visualisations

7. Would you rather be…Hemmed in by guard rails, struggling to cross the road?Selly Oak, Birmingham .

8. Or here…with space to walk, cycle or relax?

9. Would you rather be…Breathing in pollution? Union Street, Aberdeen

10. Or here…A place for people?

11. Cost-effective ways to increase cycling Lynn Sloman: Transport for Quality of Life

12. Lessons for Effective Delivery of National Active Travel Programmes Lynn Sloman Transport for Quality of Life www.transportforqualityoflife.com Copenhagen cyclists ECF Mikael Colville Andersen https://www.flickr.com/photos/eucyclistsfed/7684688958

13. National active travel programmes in last 15 years • Sustainable Travel Towns (2004 – 2008) • Three towns; £10 million revenue for sustainable transport, including cycling and walking • Cycling Demonstration Towns / Cycling City and Towns (2005 – 2011) • 18 towns; ~£63 million for cycling (infrastructure + behaviour change) • Local Sustainable Transport Fund (2011 – 2015) • >80 local authorities; £560 million for sustainable transport, including cycling and walking • Cycle City Ambition (2013 – 2018) • 8 cities; £191 million capital for cycling infrastructure • Highways England RIS1 Cycling, Safety and Integration Fund (2015 – 2021) • £100 million for Cycling schemes; £45 million for Integration schemes • Ongoing large-scale investment in cycling in London • Average £154 million per year

14. LESSON 1: To increase cycling, need both capital and revenue investment. Either on its own is less effective.

15. Split between capital and revenue investment in the Cycling Demonstration Towns Revenue investment = 8 - 43%

16. LESSON 2: Investment is more effective if it takes place over an extended time period (>10 years).

17. Local authority officer experience of Local Sustainable Transport Fund “Catching the expertise of people who have worked on a project is so valuable….if all those people leave, you are starting the learning process all over again” • For a new project: • ~9 months to recruit staff • ~6-12 months for design, approval, procurement • 9 months before funding ends, good staff leave • So 3-4 year programme like LSTF is only going at ‘full blast’ for about 1-1.5 years • Stop-start funding cycles make it very difficult to engage partners, retain staff and maintain momentum

18. PROBLEM: STOP-START FUNDING • Almost as soon as officers know what they should be doing, funding ends, they lose their jobs, and local authority loses the expertise…so back to Square 1 when they win the next short-term grant • No career progression from delivery of sustainable transport programmes to senior roles in most local authorities – so don’t get senior officers who understand sustainable transport • SOLUTION • Sign 15 year ‘Cycling Investment Deals’ with local authorities • Could be set at average of £25 per head of population over the whole 15 years • But ramped up e.g. £10 per head for first 2 years, rising quickly to £50 per head • Make deals conditional on local authorities employing permanent staff to deliver the programme (i.e. not relying on consultants), so they can grow their own expertise

19. LESSON 3: Competitive funding means many areas lose out.

20. PROBLEM: A few local authorities ‘scoop the jackpot’ every time. Others lack knowledge about how to increase cycling…so they don’t know what to bid for…so they don’t get the money. • SOLUTION • Establish ‘Cycling and Walking for England’: to advise local authorities; foster knowledge-sharing via ‘communities of practice’; monitor, evaluate and share lessons; audit delivery. Put on a statutory basis. • As part of Cycling and Walking for England: team of engineers & designers to provide design service to local authorities that lack in-house expertise, in the period while they build that expertise up. • Move away from competitive funding rounds. Instead, guaranteed funding to any local authority that commits to (a) design a complete network; (b) employ permanent staff to deliver their cycling programme; (c) reallocate road space to segregated cycle paths where necessary to complete network.

21. LESSON 4: European cities that have high levels of walking and cycling have eight common features.

22. Consistent political support, sustained over decades (since 1970s) • £10 - £35 per head per year on cycle infrastructure & services • Continuous development of network of cycle paths, physically separated from traffic • Periodic investment in expensive infrastructure to complete ‘missing links’, e.g. cycle bridges or tunnels

23. Traffic calming & speeds <20mph on ~75% of road network • Strategies to discourage car use (e.g. restrict car parking) alongside pro-cycling policies • Willing to take politically difficult decisions to re-allocate road capacity & car parking to make great cycling routes • Land use policies that create ‘compact city’ as opposed to suburban sprawl, so journeys can be made quickly by bike

24. LESSON 5: Although most European cities with high cycling levels have achieved this over 40+ years, it is possible to move faster.

25. Seville (population 750,000) • Built 140km of segregated paths in 4 years (2007 – 2011) • Cost €32 million • Only 2-3% of total investment was on public campaigns, engagement with schools etc.

26. Cycling and Walking Investment Strategy: Model to Aid Policy Planning

27. Task: Use latest evidence base to develop a model that will help the Department understand • Impact current investment across England will have on rates of cycling, walking and walking-to-school • Range of additional investment required to raise levels of cycling and walking to meet CWIS aims and target Transport for Quality of Life: Lynn Sloman, Sally Cairns, Lisa Hopkinson, Isobel Stoddart, Zsolt Schuller, Eva Heinen: Model specification, evidence-gathering, definitionof counterfactual and baseline, development of scenarios Aecom: Ashley Green: model-building Arup: Matt Dillon: model QA

28. How CWIS Model works

29. Scheme types for which we have evidence • CYCLING • Area-wide cycling networks • Cycle parking at stations • Adult cycle training • Child cycle training • Bike loan / subsidy • On-street cycle hire • Bike refurbishment / resale • Bike purchase via salary sacrifice • Electrically-assisted bikes • Secure cycle parking / cycle hubs • Led rides and cyclefestivals • All-ability cycling schemes • Workplace PTP • Workplace travel challenges • WALKING • Town centre walking infrastructure schemes • Neighbourhood traffic calming / 20mph schemes • Led walks • Walking promotion (Beat the Street, Walkboostetc) • Bus enhancements and concessionary fares • Built environment factors (density, land use mix etc) • CYCLING AND WALKING • Flagship cycling and walking links • Household personalised travel planning • Community travel hubs / community-based interventions • Workplace travel initiatives • SCHOOL TRAVEL • School travel initiatives • Infrastructure (e.g. Links to Schools programme) • School Streets closures / parking restraint Scheme types marked in italics have limited evidence

30. User combines schemes into ‘packages’

31. Scenarios • Can create different investment scenarios by varying: • interventions in the packages • which local authorities receive investment

32. Counterfactual – what will happen anyway? • Population growth • High per capita cycling growth rates in ~30 local authorities with major investment (Manchester, Birmingham, Nottingham etc.) • London ambitious ‘above trend’ growth • Assumed effect of Local Growth Fund From 2013 to 2025, DfT estimate is that cycle trip stages increase ~50%(provisional figures)

33. WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? • Model is starting to be used by DfT to explore scenarios • Model development will continue over the spring / summer • ‘Evidence reports’ that underpin the model will be published in a few months’ time • Publication of model outputs will be at a later date

34. To stand a chance of doubling cycling in next 6 years, we will need to do everything right, i.e.: • Major expenditure • Rapid ramp-up • Funding continuity • Invest everywhere (not just a few places) • Build local authority capacity • Create supportive policy context

35. Local responses Cllr Suzanne Bartington Cycling Champion Oxfordshire County Council

36. Local responses Fabian Hamilton APPCG Treasurer MP for Leeds North East

37. Discussion Chair: Duncan Dollimore Head of Campaigns, Cycling UK

38. Need for a holistic solution Source: An analysis of urban transport: Cabinet Office Strategy Unit, 2009 • Economic costs of urban congestion, road casualties, air pollution and physical inactivity in England are of similar magnitude: c£10bn each (2009 estimate). • So don’t treat these as separate problems. Tackle them together: fewer cars, not just greener cars.