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Setting the Scene The Kingdom of Aksum

Chapter 20 Section 2. Pg.374. Setting the Scene The Kingdom of Aksum. The Red Sea. This civilization arose after 1000 B.C.E. and lasted until about 600 B.C.E. At times, the kingdom stretched to include lands across the Red Sea. 1. An East African Kingdom The Kingdom of Aksum.

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Setting the Scene The Kingdom of Aksum

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  1. Chapter 20 Section 2 Pg.374 Setting the SceneThe Kingdom of Aksum The Red Sea This civilization arose after 1000 B.C.E. and lasted until about 600 B.C.E. At times, the kingdom stretched to include lands across the Red Sea. 1

  2. An East African KingdomThe Kingdom of Aksum The civilization was based on controlling the trade across the Red Sea. 2

  3. Obelisks in Aksum The kingdom of Aksum produced many different obelisks which seem to have had some religious significance. One of the largest obelisks (seen here) is 78 ft tall. 3

  4. Obelisks in Aksum This obelisk was taken by Mussolini’s Italian soldiers during World War II and taken back to Rome in 1947. It was returned to where it belongs in modern-day Ethiopia in 2003. 4

  5. Christianity in the Kingdom of Aksum Some amazing stone / rock churches have been left behind from the Ancient Kingdom of Aksum. This one is called the church of Lalibela. 5

  6. Church of Lalibela 6

  7. Church of Lalibela 7

  8. West African Kingdoms • Trading gold for salt • salt - as a spice, to help preserve food, and to help keep you hydrated • gold - oooh shiny… and it’s a soft metal which is easy to create things out of because it has a low melting point 8

  9. West African Kingdoms- Bantu peoples(until 1000 A.D.)- Kingdom of Ghana(1000 A.D to 1200 A.D.)- Kingdom of Mali(1200 A.D. to 1500 A.D.)- Kingdom of Songhai(started around 1500 A.D.)All three empires were centered around the Niger and Senegal Rivers and the trade city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu) with trade across the Sahara Desert.(Trans-Saharan trade) 9

  10. The Kingdom of Ghana Not in the same location as modern Ghana Kingdom of Ghana Modern country of Ghana Known for the gold found there. 11

  11. The Kingdom of Ghana sifting (mining) for tiny bits of gold. In this area, lot of gold could be found near the surface of the earth. 12

  12. The Kingdom of Mali This kingdom was also based on the Trans-Saharan trade of gold, salt, and many other goods. They did not use wagons. Instead goods were carried on the backs of camels, which were known as the “ships of the desert”. 13

  13. The Kingdom of Mali A caravan of traders crossing the Sahara desert. 14

  14. Mansa Musa Ruler of the Kingdom of Mali “Mansa” = emperor 15

  15. Richest man in the world Part of a map showing Mansa Musa 16

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  18. This is a historical map showing the trade routes and the important rulers and empires including Mansa Musa. 19

  19. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes 20

  20. Trans-Saharan Trade Routes 21

  21. Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca 60,000 people 80 camels Lots of gold 22

  22. Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to MeccaOUTCOMES + Positive - opened up new trading routes with other Muslim states to the east. -Negative - became so famous for its gold, that European nations became interested in Mali… and eventually colonized 23

  23. Djenné Mosque in Djenné, Mali This is NOT the original mosque built during the time of Mansa Musa, but it has been rebuilt in a similar style in the same spot as the original. 24

  24. The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.) 26

  25. The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.) Another great trading empire centered around the important trading city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu). 27

  26. The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.)The city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu) 28

  27. The Songhai Empire (1500-1591 A.D.)The city of Tombouctou (Timbuktu) 29

  28. VIDEO BREAK Islam Comes to Timbuktu(4 min 16 sec) 30

  29. East AfricanCity-States After the decline of the Aksum kingdom, other smaller civilizations developed on the east coast of Africa. They were also based on trade. 31

  30. East AfricanCity-States Because of the trade between Arabs and Africans a new language developed. It is called swahili and is a blend or combination of Arabic and Bantu-African. 32

  31. Ibn Battuta(Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta) 33

  32. Ibn Battuta 34

  33. Kilwa 35

  34. Kilwa Ruins of the trading city of Kilwa. 36

  35. Let’s REVIEW

  36. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires I. Trade in Aksum (Setting the Scene) A. There was an important trade city named Adulis in the Kingdom of Aksum. B. There were many items available for trade in Adulis 1. cloth from Egypt 2. brass used for jewelry and money 3. copper used for cooking utensils and bracelets. 4. Iron used for making spears and other weapons.

  37. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires II. An East African Kingdom A. Aksum 1. Located in East Africa near present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. 2. Aksum controlled trade along the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. B. Trade and cultural diffusion in Aksum 1. Christianity came to Aksum though traders 2. Started the early Ethiopian Christian Church C. Kingdom of Aksum ends 1. Arabs took control of area and trade

  38. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires III. West African Kingdoms A. Great kingdoms started in West Africa around 600 A.D after the decline of Aksum 1. kingdoms formed to trade 2. traded gold from West Africa for salt from North Africa.

  39. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires B. Ghana (The Kingdom of Ghana) 1. Located between Senegal and Niger Rivers (not exactly where modern Ghana is) 2. Controlled trade across West Africa by controlling the rivers. 3. Taxed goods being bought and sold in Ghana 4. Ghana nicknamed “the land of gold” 5. The Kingdom of Ghana eventually lost control of trade.

  40. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires C. Mali and the Spread of Islam 1. This kingdom started in the mid-1200s A.D. 2. Kings of Mali controlled gold mines and salt supply. 3. “mansa” means emperor

  41. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires D. Mansa Musa 1. Famous king of Mali, Mansa Musa used Islam to keep peace. 2. In 1324, Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca (Saudi Arabia). 3. 60,000 people, 80 camels, and 300 lbs of gold per camel went with him. 4. Mansa Musa shared gold and his message of Islam along the way. 5. The trip made new trading ties with other Muslim countries. 6. Europe heard about all of the gold Mali had.

  42. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires D. Mansa Musa 1. Famous king of Mali, Mansa Musa used Islam to keep peace. 2. In 1324, Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca (Saudi Arabia). a. 60,000 people, 80 camels, and 300 lbs of gold per camel went with him. b. Mansa Musa shared gold and his message of Islam along the way. c. The trip made new trading ties with other Muslim countries. d. Europe heard about all of the gold Mali had.

  43. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires E. Songhai 1. Songhai became powerful after Mali died off. 2. It was the most powerful of the West African kingdoms. 3. controlled Tombouctou (Timbuktu) which was an important trading city and Muslim learning center. 4. Songhai was located near the Niger River.

  44. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires IV. East African City-States A. After Aksum, many other trading cities developed on the coast of East Africa. 1. Traded animal skins, ivory, gold, and other metals with China and India 2. Traders brought back goods from China and India (like silk, spices, indigo, rice) 3. Swahili language which is a mixture of Bantu and Arabic developed because of the trade.

  45. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires 4. A new form of government called a city-state developed. a. it is a government that controlled a city and the surrounding land. b. Malindi, Mombasa, and Kilwa were a few of these trading city-states c. City-states made money by charging taxes on trading done in the city.

  46. Ch.20 sec.2 Kingdoms and Empires B. Kilwa 1. A man named Ibn Batuta visited Kilwa when it was powerful and wrote about it. 2. Ibn Batuta (Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta) traveled to many places like China, India, and West Africa. 3. Batuta said Kilwa was “one of the most beautiful and best-constructed towns in the world”

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