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Trematodes (flukes)

Trematodes (flukes). Classifided into: 1-Blood flukes ( Schistosomes ) 2-Tissue flues. Blood flukes (Schistosomes). Species of schistosomes infect human 1- S. haematobium 2- S. mansoni 3- S. japonicum 4- S. intrcalatum 5- S. meckongi.

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Trematodes (flukes)

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  1. Trematodes (flukes) Classifided into: 1-Blood flukes (Schistosomes) 2-Tissue flues

  2. Blood flukes (Schistosomes) Species of schistosomes infect human 1- S. haematobium 2- S. mansoni 3- S. japonicum 4- S. intrcalatum 5- S. meckongi

  3. General features of schistosomes 1-Adult worms are • -elongated and resemble roundworms. • -live in blood vascular system. • -have separated sexes (diecious). • -Posses an oral and ventral suckers. • -body cavity is absent. • -have highly developed and complex reproductive system. • -have simple nervous and excretory systems. • -Posses an incomplete alimentary canal; no anus.

  4. 2- The fundamental stages in life cycle are the egg , larva and the adult. -Egg is provided with spine but without operculum. -The larval stages are miracidium, mother and daughter soporocysts and cercaria (but no redia or metacercaria formation as in tissue flukes). 3- the forked tailed cercariae is the infective stage to man. 4-infect human by penetration of unbroken skin by cercariae.

  5. Morphology Schistosomas in copula

  6. Life cycle of Schistosoma Species

  7. Pathogenesis and clinical features 1- egg deposition. 2-liberation of antigens of adult worms and eggs. -Retention of eggs in the blood vessels: 1-eggs wedged firmly into the small vessels. 2-Sharp spines. -Liberation of eggs from the tissues into the lumen of the intestine or bladder: 1- enzyme elaborated by the miracidium . 2- necrosis of the tissue caused by pressure . 3-the effect of the spine.

  8. -Clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis 1-schistosome dermatitis 2-acute schistosomiasis 3-chronic schistosomiasis 1-schistosome dermatitis (swimmer’s itch) -cercariae of the blood flukes of aquatic birds 2-acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever) -Beginning of oviposition, usually 20 to 50 days after primary exposure. -flu like illness with fatigue, headache, arthralgia and night sweats, sometimes with hepatosplenomegaly, cough, dyspnea and chest pain.

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