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Statistics and more*

Statistics and more*. Danielle Jespersen Heather Crume Jessica Geiss Christina Mudrick. * Learn how to avoid inaccurate and misguiding statistics & figures. Advertising*. *results not typical. Shows how someone can lose 40 lbs. in a year. “Results not typical” Before & After Trick

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Statistics and more*

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  1. Statistics and more* Danielle Jespersen Heather Crume Jessica Geiss Christina Mudrick * Learn how to avoid inaccurate and misguiding statistics & figures

  2. Advertising* *results not typical

  3. Shows how someone can lose 40 lbs. in a year

  4. “Results not typical” Before & After Trick (smaller picture of the ‘before’)

  5. Claims to “fight acne and reduce blemishes in under 8 hours” False advertising

  6. Before & After Trick (the after picture is smiling) “Dramatization of typical results”

  7. Not proportionate pie charts: -makes the prediction for carbon emissions in 2025 seem much higher because of its enlarged size compared to 1995

  8. Boasts of 7x less breakage

  9. *Fructis Strength & Repair Shampoo vs. market-leading shampoos. **in a brushing test comparing the Fructis Strength & Repair System to a non-conditioning shampoo. ***The GarnierFructis Strength & Repair System of Shampoo, Conditioner and Deep Conditioner

  10. “Up to 7x more moisture”

  11. *System of Vive Pro Hydra Gloss Shampoo and Conditioner versus non-conditioning shampoo

  12. Study: Women less able to suppress hunger than men

  13. A study was done by Jack Wang and colleagues at Brookhaven National Laboratory to determine why some overeat and gain weight while others do not. • A group of men and women were asked to fast overnight. The next day they were presented with their favorite foods, while using a technique they had been taught called cognitive inhibition to suppress thoughts of hunger and eating. Both men and women said the technique decreased their hunger; however the brain scans that were being used showed that the men’s brain activity actually decreased while the women’s brain activity continued to respond to the food. • The conclusion: “Faced with their favorite foods, women are less able than men to suppress their hunger, a discovery that may help explain the higher obesity rate for females”

  14. Reasons given as to why women reacted this way: • Different nutritional needs for men and women since the traditional role of the female is to provide nutrition to her child • Estrogen related hormones Additional Studies Used: • “Weller was a co-author of a recent paper in the journal Neurolmage that studied women’s brains when participants were shown pictures of food. They found that obese women had a much stronger reaction than normal-weight women in brain regions related to reward.”  • “Wang noted that behavioral studies have shown that women have a higher tendency than men to overeat when presented with tasty food or under emotional stress.

  15. The Real Picture…

  16. Sample: 13 women & 10 men (Good representation of the world population or even the United States?) • Does not say exactly how many men’s brain activity decreased and how many women’s remained active. (Why would you generalize and not state the exact statistics?) • 35.3% of American women obese 33.3% of American men obese (According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) (Big enough difference to need to explain the higher obesity rate for females?) • All of the reasons given are speculative and do not have any tests to back them up (But they sure sound convincing!) • How many participants were in Weller’s studies? • How many and which behavioral studies is Wang quoting? • How reliable are they?

  17. Various Inconsistencies: • Wang believes obesity is increasing because of changes in society-food is more temping than in earlier generations and more is available-sounds all right… (But is food only available and appetizing to women?) • Study funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, and by the General Clinical Research Center of Stony Brook University. (Why are the first two interested in a study unrelated to themselves?)

  18. Monty Hall problem

  19. ? ? ? Let’s Make a Deal

  20. Goal: pick the door that hides the car 1/3 1/3 1/3

  21. One door with a goat is opened....do you switch the door you chose??

  22. The misconception…50/50 chance • Don’t switch: • 1/3 chance you chose the car • 2/3 chance you chose a goat • Switch: • 2/3 chance of choosing a goat; since the door opened is always a goat, if you had chosen the goat and switch, you will automatically get the car • 1/3 chance that you had originally selected the car, and in this case, switching would result in winning a goat

  23. switch

  24. Therefore…. • It is not a 50/50 chance once one door is opened • Statistics show you should switch: • 67% chance you’ll switch to the car • 33% chance you’ll switch to a goat

  25. Manipulation* *still mathematically correct

  26. Triangle Optical Illusion

  27. Is the Prius Hybrid that “mpg” efficient, economical and reliable?

  28. The ever popular Toyota Prius Hybrid…is she really that “mpg” efficient, economical and reliable? • The Prius Hybrid has been deemed the most fuel efficient car in America, topping the charts at 48 mpg highway in 2007. • Its clean burning hybrid engine which combines the power of a battery and gasoline, is sweeping car buyers off their feet. • The 2009 Prius gets 60 mpg highway according to EPA estimates! • Sounds Great right? • prius commercial

  29. The “non-guzzler” Turns for the worst • There seems to be a bit of a problem with the eco, budget friendly Prius according to recent consumer reports. • One owner complained that her Prius Hybrid started out with 45mpg highway then over time it went down to 29 mpg! • One owner’s fuel light went on, his owner’s manual said he had roughly 80 miles or so left before he had to pull into a station. WRONG the car broke down after 20 miles driving with the fuel light on! • What happened to the hybrid’s astounding gas mileage?

  30. How could Researchers do this?Is it car trouble or the estimates? • Although the EPA and government ratings are at 60mpg for the 2009 Prius Hybrid, these amazing numbers are only estimates. That is the problem. • Consumers are expecting to get a concrete number, however that is apparently not the case. • Should researchers estimate mpg? It seems to make consumers unhappy. • With the recent problems consumers are experiencing, it is easy to blame the EPA with false advertising, but who is to be taken into account for the loss in mpg?

  31. The end

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