Unit 4

Unit 4 Look at these following pictures and guess what are these? By Zhou Wenjing

The Statue of Liberty（自由女神像）

Barbie （芭比娃娃）

American Gothic（《美国哥特式》）

Buffalo Nickel（野牛镍币）

Uncle Sam　（山姆大叔）

Unit 4 Five Famous Symbols of American Culture

Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Main idea of the text ? Devices for developing it? Back The passage is about five famous symbols of American culture.The author deals with it from different aspects such as who created, what the creator was, how he created, when, and how the symbol was accepted, etc. 标题法时间法

Back • Heading (标题法) Five headings are used in this passage to put the whole text into five distinct parts, with each heading serving as a separate topic. And these headings are derived from the title of the text: Five Famous Symbols of American Culture. This device is helpful in making the text-structure clear. 标题法时间法

Part 1 Heading 1 Heading 2 Part 2 Title Heading 3 Part 3 Heading 4 Part 4 Part 5 Heading 5 Back • Heading (标题法) The Statue of Liberty Barbie Five Famous Symbols of American Culture American Gothic The Buffalo Nickel Uncle Sam 标题法时间法

Back 2. Time sequence (时间法) Of the five parts of the passage, three (Part I, II and V) are written mostly following the time sequence. 标题法时间法

Part I (Para.1-4)Para.2 1.Who created the Statue of Liberty and what was he? 2.When? 1.Frederic Auguste Bartholdi,French artist 2.In the mid-1870s 3.What is the purpose to create the statue? 4.What do you know about the creator? 3.Celebrating US independence and the France-American alliance 4.He was in love with a woman whom he married in 1876 in spite of his mother’s objection.

How did he create the Statue of Liberty? It is said that he had used his wife’s arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful for the statue. So for the face, he chose his mother’s. Para.3

1.When did the creator finish the statue? 2.How did he like the statue? 1.In 1886 2.The creator called it “my daughter, Liberty”. Para.4

Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I (Paras. 1-4) Part II Part III Part IV Part V Back Main idea ? To celebrate US independence and the France-America alliance, a French artist created the Statue of Liberty, with his wife’s arm and his mother’s face as models for his creation. Devices for developing it ? Time sequence(时间法)

Part II (Para.5-10) Para.6-7 1.What is Barbie’s real name? 2.What is the original model of Barbie? 1.Barbara 2.A German doll

Para.8-10 How do people feel about Barbie? (the world? Barbara? Ken?) Barbie has bocome the universally recognized Queen of te Dolls. Barbara is said to have loved the doll but Ken, Barbara’s brother, was disgusted by the doll.

Back Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II (Paras. 5-10) Part III Part IV Part V Main idea ? Barbie originated from a German doll and an American girl, Barbara, whose parents founded the Mattel Toy Company and made Barbie popular. Barbara and her brother Ken, the human models of Barbie and her boyfriend, had different opinions on the doll. Devices for developing it ? Narration(叙事法)

Part III (Para.11-14)Para.12-13 1.Who created American Gothic? What is it? 2.How was it created? 1.created by Grant Wood; he got the inspiration from the Gothic window of an old farmhouse. 2.He used his dentist, a sour-looking man and his sister Nan for the characters in his painting.

Para.14 How do people feel about American Gothic? Nan remarked that the painting saved her from a very boring life.

Back Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III (Paras. 11-14) Part IV Part V Main idea ? Inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhouse, Grant Wood produced American Gothic. It was the faces of his dentist and sister in the painting that captured the world’s attention. Devices for developing it ? Narration(叙事法)

Part IV (Para.15-18)Para.16-17 1.What do you know about American coins? 2.Who created the Buffalo nickel? 1.American coins honor prominent figures of the US government but the Buffalo nickel has three actual American Indians as models. 2.James Earle Fraser

Para.18 How was the Buffalo nickel created? As most of the buffalos were killed, James Earle Fraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo from New York City’s Central Park Zoo for the coin.

Back Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III Part IV (Paras. 15-18) For details Part V For details Main idea ? Contrary to the tradition, the image of a buffalo and three actual American Indians were used on two sides of the coin, the Buffalo Nickel, by a famed artist James Earle Fraser. Devices for developing it ? 1. General-specific description (总—分法) 2. Contrast(对比法)

Back “General-specific description” is the major device used in this part to organize the text. In paragraph 16, the general statement is given to “a pair of connected tragedies”. Para. 17 deals with how to honor one tragedy — the destruction of “the American Indians” in the artist’s design. Para. 18 deals with how to honor another tragedy — “the destruction of the buffalo herds” in his design.

PartV (Para.19-22)Para.20-21 What is the origin of Uncle Sam? Uncle Sam came from someone who was called Sam Wilson. Sam Wilson joined in American Revolution at an early age and at 23,he started a meatpacking business. During a later war in 1812, he supplied the army with meat stamped “ EA-US”, identifying the company(EA) and country of origin(US). Then it was said that US stood for “Uncle Sam ” and Uncle Sam soon earned his fame as a figure supplying the army.

Para.22 How did the portrait of Uncle Sam come to be known? After the war, a character called Uncle Sam became popular in political cartoons, which came from an earlier cartoon character called Brother Jonathan. Then years later it was an American artist, James Montgpmery Flagg who created the most enduring portrait of Uncle Sam, a tall man with white hair and a small white beard on his chin, a dark blue coat and a tall hat with stars on it.

Back II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing It Part I Part II Part III Part IV Part V (Paras. 19-22) Main idea ? When Sam Wilson was providing meat to the army in a war, some explained the initial letters “US” as Uncle Sam. It became popular later because of a character in political cartoons. An artist created its portrait in army recruiting posters. Devices for developing it ? Time sequence (时间法)

III. Expressions & Patterns Back A. Compatible Expressions 1.设计一个大项目 to work on an enormous project(L. 2) 活学活用全世界的科学家正在致力于揭开SARS之谜。 Scientists around the world are working hard on the mystery of SARS. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 2.爱上某人 to be in love with sb.(L. 4) 活学活用那些热爱生活的人都乐于去爱人或者被人爱。 Those in love with life are ready to give or receive love. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 3.想到一个主意  to come up with an idea (L. 19) 活学活用幸福是什么？对这个问题人们有各种各样的答案。 What is happiness? People have come up with various answers to this question. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 4.把这个娃娃改造成······ • to refashion the doll into … (L. 23) 活学活用这条河流荒芜的两岸已经被改造成一个当地居民休闲娱乐的场所。 The deserted banks of the river have been refashioned into a place for the local residents to take rest and leisure. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 5.成名  to rise to fame(L. 35) 活学活用面对困难不能打退堂鼓，而要接受挑战。 Faced with any difficulty, one should never choose to beat a retreat, but rise to the challenge. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 6.令世界瞩目 tocapture the world’s attention(L. 39) 活学活用哈里波特的故事一进入中国就引起了孩子们极大的兴趣。 When introduced into China, the story of Harry Potter immediately captured children’s interest. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 7.把 ······从 ······中解放出来 • to liberate…from…(L. 59) 活学活用二十世纪六、七十年代的女权运动在一定程度上把妇女从家庭中解放了出来。 The Women’s Movement in 1960’s and 70’s has liberated them from kitchen and housework to a certain degree. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 8.与某人签订一份合同 tosign a contract with sb.(L. 63) 活学活用婚姻是男女之间签订的一份合约，双方都必须忠实地履行它。 Marriage is a contract signed between a man and a woman, which must be faithfully fulfilled. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 1. Typical patterns for reporting sth. 原句:It is said that he had used his wife’s arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful for the statue. (L. 8) 据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但又觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做神像。句型提炼 • It is said / reported that sb. does (did) sth. / sth. happens(ed).据说 / 据报道，某人做(了)某事 / 某事发生(了)。下一页上一页

Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用： a. 据说，埃及的金字塔是外星人建造的。 It is said that the pyramids in Egypt were constructed by ET (extraterrestrials). 应用： b. 据报道，在理想的状况下人可以活到150岁。 It is reported that man is able to live up to 150 years under ideal conditions. 上一页下一页

Back III. Expressions & Patterns 原句: According to one story, when a government official visited the plant and asked about the letters, a creative employee told him “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” Wilson. (L. 65) 传说有一回，有个政府官员来参观加工厂，问及这些字母的含义，一个想像丰富的雇员告诉他，“US”是“山姆大叔”威尔逊的缩写。句型提炼 2) According to sb. / a report / a story / a survey / a legend, sth. happened/sb. did sth. 据某人说／据报道／传说 / 据调查／传说，发生了某事 / 某人做过某事。上一页下一页

Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用：关于宇宙的诞生问题，在不同的文化中有不同的说法。有一种说法是，宇宙是上帝创造的。 For the birth of the universe, there are different versions in different cultures. According to one story, it was created by God. 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 2. Typical patterns for contrast: 原句:While white people had previously been used as models for most American coins, famed artist James Earle Fraser went against tradition by using three actual American Indians as models for his creation. (L. 50) 尽管此前一直是白人被用作美国硬币上的模特，而著名艺术家詹姆斯 厄尔弗雷泽却反传统而行之，启用了三名真正的美洲印第安人作为自己创作的原型。句型提炼 While people tend to do sth., someone goes against tradition / conventionality by doing something else.尽管人们习惯于做某事，另有人却反传统/常规而行之，做了别的事。下一页上一页

Back III. Expressions & Patterns 应用：几乎所有的花儿都在春天开，但是梅花却违背常规在深冬绽放，它因不畏严寒而赢得盛誉。 While almost all flowers come into blossom in spring, the plums go against the conventionality by flowering in deep winter, thus earning a reputation for being fearless of severe cold. 上一页下一页

Back III. Expressions & Patterns 3. Typical patterns for showing one’s persistence in doing sth. 原句:His mother could not approve of her son’s affection for a woman she had never met, but Bartholdi went ahead and married his love in 1876.(L. 5) 他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，依然和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。句型提炼 Some people object to/are opposed to/put obstacles in the way of/don’t approve of sb.’s doing sth., but sb. goes ahead and … 一些人反对／阻拦／不同意某人做某事，但某人不为所动，仍······ 下一页上一页

III. Expressions & Patterns Back 应用：爱因斯坦的母亲极力反对他爱上了一个他全家非常不喜欢的女孩，但爱因斯坦不为所动，毅然和他心爱的人于1903年1月结为伉俪。 Einstein’s mother was bitterly opposed to his love with a girl his whole family had a strong dislike for, but he went ahead and married his love in January 1903. 上一页

Back Exercise: Test Yourself-----Multiple Choice Directions: For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. 1. If my plan isn’t ______ of by the committee, all my work will have been wasted. A) approved B) consented C) agreed D) admitted A) approved 上一页下一页

Test Yourself-----Multiple Choice Back 2. Everybody ______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined A) assembled 3. Mr. Bloom is not ______ now, but he will be famous someday. A) significant B) dominant C) magnificent D) prominent D) prominent 上一页下一页

Test Yourself-----Multiple Choice Back 4. The bridge was named ______ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A) after B) with C) by D) from A) after 5. Most people were no longer listening to his long ______ story. A) annoying B) boring C) tiring D) exhausting B) boring 上一页下一页

Test Yourself-----Multiple Choice Back 6. Each of them had a different ______ of what actually happened, but hers was by far more believable. A) message B) theory C) version D) comment C) version 7. His latest piece of work was ______ by a song he heard on the radio. A) released B) inspired C) assessed D) composed B) inspired 上一页下一页

Test Yourself-----Multiple Choice Back 8. As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the _____ donor. A) general B) popular C) universal D) common C) universal 9. Very few scientists _____ completely new answers to the world’s problems. A) catch up with B) come up with C) keep up with D) put up with B) come up with 上一页下一页

Test Yourself-----Multiple Choice Back 10. The socks were too small, and it was only by _____ them that he managed to get them on. A) spreading B) extending C) lengthening D) stretching D) stretching 11. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _____. A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied C) exaggerated 上一页下一页

Unit 4

Unit 4

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UNIT 4

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Unit 4:

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