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DIMENSIONS OF HISTORY

Explore US interventions in Latin America, from military actions to political and economic pressures, and strategies for challenging imperialism through unity, resistance, and sovereignty. Examine impacts on nations and relationships.

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DIMENSIONS OF HISTORY

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  1. DIMENSIONS OF HISTORY CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES

  2. READINGS • Modern Latin America, chs. 3, 5 [Mexico, Cuba] • MLA Website, Chapter 15, Primary Documents Nos. 37, 39 [Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary] • http://library.brown.edu/modernlatinamerica • NB: http://pages.ucsd.edu/~phsmith “Teaching”

  3. U.S. IMPERIAL POWER • Conquest and incorporation • Formal colonization • Informal “spheres of influence”

  4. STRATEGIES FOR POWER • Mexico • Conquest and incorporation • Military intervention • Political and economic pressure • Central America and Caribbean • Colonization (Puerto Rico, Panama?) • Dollar diplomacy and “sphere of influence” • Military intervention (Dominican Republic, Panama, Haiti) • Cuba • Military intervention, occupation (1898-1902) • Quasi-colony (Platt Amendment, 1902-33) • Sphere of influence (1934-59) • Attempts at overthrow (1959- )

  5. STRATEGIES FOR POWER • Mexico • Conquest and incorporation • Military intervention • Political and economic pressure • Central America and Caribbean • Colonization (Puerto Rico, Panama?) • Dollar diplomacy and “sphere of influence” • Military intervention (Dominican Republic, Panama, Haiti) • Cuba • Military intervention, occupation (1898-1902) • Quasi-colony (Platt Amendment, 1902-33) • Sphere of influence (1934-59) • Attempts at overthrow (1959- )

  6. U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTIONS, 1898-1933 • Costa Rica 1921 • Cuba 1898-1902, 1906-1909, 1912, 1917-1922 • Dominican Rep 1903, 1904, 1914, 1916-1924 • Haiti 1915-1934 • Honduras 1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919, 1924, 1925 • Mexico 1913, 1914, 1916-1917, 1918-1919 • Nicaragua 1898, 1899, 1909-1910, 1912-1925, 1926-1933 • Panama 1903-1914, 1921, 1925

  7. Defining the Challenge • Establishing sovereignty • Articulating national interests • In the wake of colonial rule (and war) • Negotiating international arena • Confronting the United States

  8. STRATEGIC OPTIONS • Collective unity (“the Bolivarian dream”) • Extra-hemispheric protection • Regional hegemony • International law • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with the United States

  9. OPTIONS IN ACTION: MEXICO • Collective unity (as leader of Latin America) • Regional hegemony (in Central America) • International law (re sovereignty) • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with United States (NAFTA)

  10. CENTRAL AMERICA + CARIBBEAN • Central America • Collective unity (unification) • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with USA • Caribbean • Extra-hemispheric protection (Europe) • Cultures of resistance • Alignment with USA

  11. CUBA • Cultures of resistance + revolution • Extra-hemispheric protection • Collective unity (?)

  12. Outcomes and Implications • Short-term success and experimentation • Growth of nationalist anti-imperialism • Continuing quest for sovereignty • Tensions in U.S.-Latin American relations

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