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Head Injuries

This article provides detailed information on the various types of head injuries that can occur in sports, including skull fractures, concussions, and intracranial bleeding. Learn how to recognize the signs and symptoms, the appropriate treatment protocols, and when to seek emergency care. Stay informed to protect athletes and prevent serious complications in case of head trauma.

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Head Injuries

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  1. Sports Med 2 Head Injuries

  2. Skull Fracture • MOI • Blunt trauma to head ie ball to head • S/S • Sever headache, nausea, skin indentation • Blood in ear or nose • CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) may seep from ears and nose • TX • 911!!

  3. Concussion • MOI • Direct or indirect trauma to head • Impulsive force transmitted to head • S/S • Confusion, headache, dizziness, nausea, nystagmus, trouble concentrating, abnormal pupil response • TX • Take out of practice/game, determine LOC, watch for symptoms to worsen, assess memory • *no longer grading concussions, or classifying as simple or complex*

  4. Intracranial Hemorrhage • MOI • Blow to head • May be a slow bleed • S/S • Show signs of mild headache but then has severe head pains, dizziness, nausea, unequal pupils • TX • Referral to ER

  5. Epidural Bleeding • MOI • Blow to head • S/S • Extremely fast bleeding • In 10-20 min. athlete will go from fine to having major symptoms! • TX • ER, surgery

  6. Subdural Bleeding • MOI • Veins are torn that bridge the dura matter to the brain • contrecoup • S/S • Bleeding is slow, s/s may not appear for many hours • TX • 911 after s/s appear

  7. Intracerebral Bleeding • MOI • Force trauma to brain • Bleeding within the brain • S/S • Deterioration of neurological function • TX • ER, 911

  8. Post Concussive Syndrome • MOI • Happens after a head injury • S/S • Impaired memory, lack of concentration, anxiety, depression • TX • May not return to play unit symptoms are gone and have been cleared by a health care provider

  9. Second Impact Syndrome • MOI • Second head injury before s/s of initial injury go away • Caused 30-40 deaths over the last decade • S/S • Appear stunned, within short time athlete may collapse, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, respiratory failure • TX • Prevention

  10. NFL concussion video • http://www.abcnews.go.com/search?searchtext=nfl+concussions&r=video

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