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Ghettoization: 1900-1940

Ghettoization: 1900-1940. Cities were not segregated before 1900 Most Blacks lived in rural areas Industrialization and urbanization Growing population of workers in new housing Blacks much more concentrated Black migration to northern cities Labor competition fueled race riots (e.g., 1919)

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Ghettoization: 1900-1940

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  1. Ghettoization: 1900-1940 • Cities were not segregated before 1900 • Most Blacks lived in rural areas • Industrialization and urbanization • Growing population of workers in new housing • Blacks much more concentrated • Black migration to northern cities • Labor competition fueled race riots (e.g., 1919) • Legal restrictions followed residential pattern

  2. Suburbanization: 1940-1970 • Ghettos grew • Whites moved to suburbs • Blacks moved from South/rural to cities • Federal support for homeownership • ‘Redlining’ Black neighborhoods • FHA loans based on rating system • Support for new development, and highways • 1960s: Race riots • 1968: Fair Housing Act (too late)

  3. Concentration: 1970s-present • Concentration of poverty • Deindustrialization • Fiscal crisis of cities • Continued suburbanization • Lack of anti-discrimination enforcement • Middle-class flight continues • New segregated suburbs • Some improvements, especially new cities

  4. Source: Logan (2002), mumford.albany.edu

  5. Average percent poor in schools, 2000 Source: Logan (2002), mumford.albany.edu

  6. Black/White residential segregation220 major metro areas Source: Iceland et al. (2002) U.S. Census Bureau.

  7. Average neighborhood income: Black households as % of White households Source: Logan (2002), mumford.albany.edu

  8. Average neighborhood income: Black households as % of White households (households with $60,000+) Source: Logan (2002), mumford.albany.edu

  9. Average neighborhood income for households with income $60,000+ Source: Logan (2002), mumford.albany.edu

  10. Black/White segregation of public elementary school children Source: Logan (2002), mumford.albany.edu

  11. Black/White segregation of public elementary school children Source: Logan (2002), mumford.albany.edu

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