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IMMIGRANTS AND THE CITIES (1870-1900)

Chapter 7. IMMIGRANTS AND THE CITIES (1870-1900). Section 1: A New Wave of Immigrants Section 2: City Life Section 3: Society and Culture. SECTION 1. A New Wave of Immigration. Question: Where did immigrants come from in the late 1800s, and why did they come to the United States?.

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IMMIGRANTS AND THE CITIES (1870-1900)

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  1. Chapter 7 IMMIGRANTS AND THE CITIES(1870-1900) Section 1: A New Wave of Immigrants Section 2: City Life Section 3: Society and Culture

  2. SECTION 1 A New Wave of Immigration Question: Where did immigrants come from in the late 1800s, and why did they come to the United States?

  3. SECTION 1 Immigrants in the Late 1800s Where They Came From • southern Europe • eastern Europe Why They Came • financial opportunity • political asylum • religious asylum A New Wave of Immigration

  4. Section 1: A New Wave of Immigrants OBJECTIVES • Why did immigrants come to the United States, and where did they come from during the late 1800’s? • What was life in the United States like for immigrants in the late 1800’s? • How did some Americans try to limit immigration?

  5. Section 1: A New Wave of Immigrants Reasons for Immigration to the U.S. During the Late 1800’s • for employment • to escape political problems and religious persecution These new immigrants came from countries in southern and eastern Europe such as Czechoslovakia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, and Russia.

  6. Section 1: A New Wave of Immigrants Life in the U.S. for Immigrants • Faced poorly run processing centers upon arrival to the U.S. such as the one opened on Ellis Island in New York harbor • Faced a very different life from their homelands and formed their own neighborhoods • Founded organizations to help preserve their beliefs and customs

  7. Section 1: A New Wave of Immigrants (continued) Life in the U.S. for Immigrants • Opened local shops and small banks • Found city life difficult • Formed tenements • Formed benevolent societies to offer aid • Tried to adopt American customs • Faced discrimination in the workforce such as low pay and long hours tenements – poorly built, overcrowded apartments

  8. Section 1: A New Wave of Immigrants Opposition to Immigration • Nativists – those that opposed immigrants – used violence against immigrants and passed laws, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) banning Chinese people from immigration to the U.S. for 10 years. • Founded in 1894, the Immigration Restriction League demanded that all immigrants prove that they could read and write before they entered the U.S.

  9. Section 2:City Life OBJECTIVES • Why did so many people move to cities, and what problems resulted from rapid urban growth? • What developments in public spaces improved the quality of city life? • How did city residents organize to deal with the challenges of urban life?

  10. Section 2:City Life Movement to the Cities • New farm machinery reduced the need for farm labor. • African Americans moved to northern cities seeking jobs, to escape discrimination and to find better economic opportunities.

  11. Section 2:City Life New Places for the Public • Public parks enhanced the city’s image and improved city life. • Public libraries and museums were founded to educate and serve the people. • Department stores, or giant retail shops, opened.

  12. Section 2:City Life City Residents Organize to Deal with Challenges of Urban Life • Benevolent societies – associations that helped injured or unemployed members – were formed. • African American religious groups aided the urban community. • Private organizations aided the poor. • Settlement houses were opened such as Chicago’s Hull House.

  13. Section 3:Society and Culture OBJECTIVES • What new forms of popular entertainment developed in the late 1800’s? • How did American literature and publishing change in the late 1800’s? • In the late 1800’s, what new styles of art and methods of photography were developed?

  14. Section 3:Society and Culture Popular Forms of Entertainment in the late 1800’s • Forms of mass culture – leisure and cultural activities shared by many people • World’s fairs – such as the Philadelphia CentennialExposition in l876 • Amusement parks like Coney Island in New York City • Athletic events on the college and professional level

  15. Section 3:Society and Culture Changes in American Literature and Publishing in the Late 1800’s • Publishing revolution made books more affordable. • To interest a growing audience, authors used new story settings, locations, and writing styles like realism. realism – writing style that presented accurate images of American society

  16. Section 3:Society and Culture New Styles of Art in the Late 1800’s • Members of the Hudson River School started a unique type of painting that celebrated the land in the western U.S. • Other American painters used a distinct style of watercolor painting.

  17. Section 3:Society and Culture New Methods of Photography in the Late 1800’s • Photography offered another way of creating realistic images of the world and George Eastman made improvements on the camera. • Newspapers used black-and-white photos more widely. • Art photography grew in popularity.

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