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Introduction to Column Distillation

Introduction to Column Distillation. Flash distillation provides a method of separation, but the amount of separation obtained is limited. What if we need to have a greater separation to obtain essentially pure components? We could place flash drums in series or as a cascade….

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Introduction to Column Distillation

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  1. Introduction to Column Distillation • Flash distillation provides a method of separation, but the amount of separation obtained is limited. • What if we need to have a greater separation to obtain essentially pure components? • We could place flash drums in series or as a cascade… Lecture 9

  2. Flash Drums in Cascade Lecture 9

  3. Flash Drums in Cascade • One can obtain a high level of separation using cascading flash drums. • The problem with this arrangement is that we generate a large number of intermediate liquid and vapor streams, which would need to be separated. • One could feed these intermediate streams to another flash drum cascade, but even more intermediate streams are formed, and so on and so on. • Let’s look at what we can do with the intermediate streams… Lecture 9

  4. Flash Drums in Counter-Current Cascade – Use of Intermediate Steams Lecture 9

  5. Flash Drums in Counter-Current Cascade – Isobaric Operation Lecture 9

  6. Flash Drums in Counter-Current Cascade – Reflux and Boilup Lecture 9

  7. Flash Drums in Counter-Current Cascade – Intermediate Heat Exchange Lecture 9

  8. Distillation Column Lecture 9

  9. Distillation Column – External Balance Lecture 9

  10. Column Distillation – Typical Specified Variables • Column pressure, Pc. • Feed flow rate, F. • Feed composition, z. • Feed temperature, TF; enthalpy, hF; or quality, q = L/F. • Reflux temperature,TR; or enthalpy, hD. • Reflux ratio, L/D; or distillate composition, xD. • Bottoms composition, xB. Lecture 9

  11. Column Distillation – Tools for Solution • Equilibrium relationships • Mass balances • Energy balances Lecture 9

  12. Column Distillation – Methods of Solution • External column balances • Overall • Condenser • Reboiler • Internal column balances • Stage-by-stage calculations Lecture 9

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