Summarizing, Paraphrasing and Quoting In-text Citations

1. Summarizing, Paraphrasing and QuotingIn-text Citations Take Notes! A HOW-TO IN AVOIDING PLAGIARISM "Welcome to the Purdue OWL." Purdue OWL: MLA Formatting and Style Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2012.

2. Summarizing • A summaryis a relatively brief, objective account, in your own words, of the main ideas in a source passage. • Summarize to: • To condense the material: Condense or reduce the source material to draw out the points that relate to your paper. • To omit extras from the material: Omit extra information from the source material to focus on the author’s main points. • To simplify the material: Simplify the most important complex arguments, sentences, or vocabulary in the source material.

3. Paraphrasing • A paraphraseis a restatement, in your own words, of a passage of text. Its structure reflects the structure of the source passage. Keep in mind that only an occasional word (but not whole phrases) from the original source appears in the paraphrase. • Paraphrase to: • To change the organization of ideas for emphasis. • To simplify the material. • To clarify the material.

4. Quoting • A quotationuses the exact words of the original. • Use Quotes for: • Accuracy: Use if unable to paraphrase or summarize the source material without changing the author’s intent. • Authority: Use a quote to lend expert authority for your assertion or to provide source material for analysis. • Conciseness: Use if your attempts to paraphrase or summarize are awkward or much longer than the source material. • Unforgettable language: Use when the words of the author are memorable or remarkable because of their effectiveness or historical flavor. Additionally, the author may have used a unique phrase or sentence, and you want to comment on words or phrases themselves.

5. In-text Citations • In-text citations correlate with works cited page (full listing of information in alphabetical order). • The author's name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the information, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence. • Parenthetical citation usually appears at end of sentence, as close as possible to the material it documents, so it doesn’t interrupt the flow • If you cite the same author twice, then omit author’s name in second citation • If you cite a different author in between, you must include the first name • Precedes punctuation mark

6. In-text Citations Continued… • You may omit material from a quotation by using an ellipsis (…). • Use an ellipsis at the middle or end of a quote, NOT in the beginning. • “don’t make serious promises… (King 64).” • If you add a word or words and/or change any words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to indicate that they are not part of the original text. • [ ]

7. EXAMPLE: IN YOUR PAPER: During the Middle Ages, people thought of the labyrinth in art as something enjoyable, exemplifying both God’s creation and human artistry (Doob 144). Citations change depending on the source. This example is with a known author. EXAMPLE: IN THE WORKS CITED PAGE: Doob, Penelope Reed. The Idea of the Labyrinth from Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1990.

8. In-text specifics: • Use easybib.com (to automatically cite websites). • Use http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ (to help identify how to specifically cite different sources. • Use MLA guideline book (to help identify how to specifically cite different sources.

9. Specific Citations for Response to Literature Essay Assignment Bradford, William. “from Of Plymouth Plantation.” Evler, Hoyt and Thompson. 29-33. The Crucible. Dir. Nicholas Hytner. Perf. Daniel Day-Lewis and Winona Ryder. 20th Century Fox, 1996. VHS. Mescal Evler, Robert R. Hoyt, and Suzanne Thompson, eds. Elementsof Literature: Fifth Course, Literature of the United States. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Wineston, 1997. Print. Rowlandson, Mary. “from A Narrative of Captivity.” Evler, Hoyt and Thompson. 40-45.