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Bits & Bytes: How Computers Represent Data

Bits & Bytes: How Computers Represent Data . Data Representation. How do computers represent data?. Computers are digital and use electricity. Recognize only two discrete states: on or off Use a binary system to recognize two states

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Bits & Bytes: How Computers Represent Data

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  1. Bits & Bytes: How Computers Represent Data

  2. Data Representation How do computers represent data? • Computers aredigital and use electricity • Recognize only two discrete states: on or off • Use a binary system to recognize two states • Use Number system with two unique digits: 0 and 1, called bits (short for binary digits)

  3. Data Representation What is a byte? • Eight bits grouped together as a unit • Provides enough different combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters • Numbers • Uppercase and lowercase letters • Punctuation marks

  4. Kilo, Mega, Giga, Tera … Storage of data (bits & bytes) is often categorized as: Kilo (KB) • Roughly 1,000; actually 210 (1,024) Mega (MB) • Roughly 1,000,000; actually 220 (1,048,576) Giga (GB) • Roughly 1,000,000,000; actually 230 (1,073,741,824) Tera (TB) • Roughly 1,000,000,000,000; actually 240 (1,099,511,627,776)

  5. Text Representation What are the popular coding systems to represent text? • ASCII (8 bit) - American Standard Code for Information Interchange - most common today • EBCDIC (8 bit) - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code – IBM mainframes • Unicode (16 bit) – newer coding scheme capable of representing allworld’s languages

  6. Representing Images Pixels - picture element • Grid of small points (dots) that make up an image • More pixels results in clearer /more precise image Two Methods • Bit-mapped graphics • Representing images using bytes – each pixel represented by an array of bits • Vector graphics • Use mathematical formulas to define and store image

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